Тест: Divine Morality: Commands and Character — 5 въпроса

1. How does Robert Adams' modified Divine Command Theory differ from traditional Divine Command Theory in explaining the basis of God's commands?

A. It suggests God's commands are independent of His nature and grounded in divine decree.

B. It grounds God's commands in His loving nature, rather than asserting they are arbitrary.

C. It denies that God's commands have any connection to moral goodness or character.

D. It claims God's commands are based solely on divine authority without regard to His character.

Answer: (B)

Обяснение

Robert Adams' modified Divine Command Theory grounds God's moral commands in His loving nature, making them morally justified and not arbitrary. Traditional Divine Command Theory is often seen as potentially implying that God's commands could be arbitrary, but Adams emphasizes that they reflect His loving character.

2. According to Robert Adams' modified Divine Command Theory, what is the primary cause of moral standards?

A. God's loving and benevolent nature

B. The independent existence of moral facts

C. Human reason and societal consensus

D. God's arbitrary commands issued without reason

Answer: (A)

Обяснение

Robert Adams' modified Divine Command Theory posits that God's moral commands are grounded in His loving and benevolent nature, making His character the primary cause of moral standards, rather than arbitrary commands or independent moral facts.

3. What key feature distinguishes Robert Adams' modification of Divine Command Theory from traditional versions?

A. His commands are independent of God's character

B. His commands are grounded in God's loving nature

C. His commands are arbitrary and without reason

D. His commands are based on divine authority alone

Answer: (B)

Обяснение

Robert Adams' modification of Divine Command Theory emphasizes that God's moral commands are grounded in His loving and benevolent nature, which makes divine morality non-arbitrary and rooted in His character.

4. Who originally posed the philosophical problem known as the Euthyphro dilemma, which challenges divine command theory?

A. Thomas Aquinas

B. Immanuel Kant

C. Plato

D. Aristotle

Answer: (C)

Обяснение

The Euthyphro dilemma was posed by Plato in his dialogue 'Euthyphro,' questioning whether moral acts are commanded because they are morally good or if they are morally good because they are commanded by God, thus challenging divine command theory.

5. When was Robert Adams' modified Divine Command Theory, emphasizing God's loving nature, published?

A. 1990

B. 1980

C. 1965

D. 1972

Answer: (D)

Обяснение

Robert Adams' influential work where he articulates his modified Divine Command Theory, focusing on God's loving nature as the grounding of morality, was published in 1972. The other dates are either before or after his key publication.