Флашкарти: Cellular Transport and Thermodynamics — 20 карти

Thermodynamic System — types?

Isolated, adiabatic, closed, and open.

Isolated system — exchange?

No matter or energy exchange.

Open system — exchange?

Both matter and energy exchange.

Cell as open system — role?

Exchanges matter, energy, info to maintain homeostasis.

Intensive variables — examples?

Pressure, temperature, potential.

Extensive variables — examples?

Volume, moles, total energy.

First law — equation?

dU = dQ + dW, energy conserved.

Cell metabolism — law?

Follows first law; energy transforms, conserved.

Electrochemical potential — driver?

Ion movement across membranes.

Flux coupling — concept?

Interconnected transfer of matter, energy, info.

Fick's first law — describes?

Diffusion flux proportional to concentration gradient.

Fick's second law — describes?

Change in concentration over time.

Water movement — driven by?

Osmotic and hydrostatic pressures.

Osmosis — movement?

Water across semi-permeable membrane, low to high solute.

Electrolyte diffusion — equilibrium?

Net ionic flux zero at equilibrium potential.

Membrane permeability — depends on?

Membrane structure and molecule properties.

Ion channels — properties?

Selective, gated, conduct ionic currents.

Active transport — energy?

Requires energy input, moves against gradient.

Primary active transport — example?

Ca2+-ATPase, proton pump.

Epithelial transport — mechanisms?

Passive diffusion, facilitated, active, co-transport.