Тест: Global Strategy and International Business — 9 въпроса

1. What is globalization in the context of industry impact?

A. The process by which businesses develop international influence or start operating on an international scale, leading to interconnected markets and industries worldwide.

B. The movement of goods and services within a single country to increase domestic market share.

C. The expansion of a company's operations across national borders through trade and direct investment.

D. The reduction of international trade barriers to promote free movement of goods and services.

Answer: (A)

Обяснение

Globalization is defined as the process by which businesses develop international influence or start operating on an international scale, which leads to interconnected markets and industries worldwide. The other options describe aspects of international trade or expansion but do not fully capture the comprehensive process of globalization as a global interconnectedness phenomenon.

2. What is the primary distinguishing feature of a Multinational Corporation (MNC)?

A. It operates exclusively within its home country.

B. It operates in multiple countries with subsidiaries or offices abroad.

C. It is a government-run enterprise with international influence.

D. It only exports goods and services without local presence.

Answer: (B)

Обяснение

An MNC operates in multiple countries, often with subsidiaries, leveraging international markets and resources, unlike domestic-only firms.

3. What is the primary role of internationalization modes in global business strategy?

A. To standardize products across different countries for brand consistency

B. To regulate international trade and protect domestic industries

C. To facilitate firms' expansion into foreign markets and access resources

D. To limit the entry of foreign competitors into domestic markets

Answer: (C)

Обяснение

The main role of internationalization modes is to enable firms to expand their operations across borders, either through trade or direct investment, thereby accessing new markets and resources.

4. According to Porter's Diamond framework, which of the following is NOT a component influencing a nation's competitive advantage?

A. Factor conditions

B. Demand conditions

C. Transportation infrastructure

D. Related and supporting industries

E. Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry

Answer: (C)

Обяснение

While transportation infrastructure affects industries indirectly, Porter's Diamond emphasizes factor conditions, demand, related industries, and firm rivalry as core components.

5. How do competitive advantage and the national environment differ or are similar in influencing a firm's industry success?

A. They are both solely determined by internal firm resources.

B. They are unrelated concepts, with competitive advantage focusing on firm resources and the national environment on government policies.

C. They are both shaped by country-specific factors, but competitive advantage is internal while the national environment is external.

D. They are identical concepts, both referring to the overall economic health of a country.

Answer: (C)

Обяснение

The correct answer is that both concepts are shaped by country-specific factors, but competitive advantage is primarily based on internal firm resources and capabilities, while the national environment includes external factors like resources, culture, and industry clusters. This distinction aligns with the context emphasizing internal versus external influences on competitiveness.

6. Which industry type is characterized by international trade being the primary mode of internationalization, often without significant direct investment?

A. Multidomestic industries

B. Trading industries

C. Sheltered industries

D. Global industries

Answer: (B)

Обяснение

Trading industries primarily involve exporting and importing, focusing on international trade rather than local adaptation through investment.

7. What pattern of industry internationalization typically occurs first when a domestic industry starts to go global?

A. Internationalization through direct investment (multidomestic or global)

B. Expansion via exports and trade

C. Complete domestic focus with no international activity

D. Leverage of global R&D and innovation networks

Answer: (B)

Обяснение

Industries usually begin internationalization with exports (trade), before moving to direct investment and global integration as they mature.

8. Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between globalization and industry impact?

A. Globalization reduces competition and consolidates industry leadership.

B. Globalization drives interconnected markets, increases competition, and shifts industry leaders.

C. Globalization isolates industries within national borders to protect local firms.

D. Globalization only affects service industries and has little impact on manufacturing.

Answer: (B)

Обяснение

Globalization connects markets, enhances competition, and often causes shifts in industry leadership as new players emerge worldwide.

9. Why do large international customers often gain bargaining power in globalized industries?

A. Because they produce their own goods domestically.

B. Due to their ability to source globally, increasing their influence over suppliers.

C. Because they typically operate only in sheltered industries.

D. Because they focus solely on local procurement.

Answer: (B)

Обяснение

Global sourcing allows large customers to negotiate better terms and influence supply chains, increasing their bargaining power.