Flashcards: Fundamental Chemistry and Quantities — 25 cards

What does Chemistry study?

Matter and its transformations.

What is Matter?

Anything with physical reality composed of microscopic entities.

What microscopic entities compose Matter?

Atoms and molecules.

What are the three states of matter?

Solid, liquid, and gaseous states.

Which factors influence the state matter adopts?

Temperature and pressure.

What shape and volume characteristics does a solid have?

A defined shape and volume.

How is the structure of a solid described?

Ordered and rigid.

What shape and volume characteristics does a liquid have?

It has a volume but takes the shape of its container.

How is the structure of a liquid described?

Disordered and incompressible.

What shape and volume characteristics does a gas have?

Neither defined shape nor defined volume.

What is a chemical change?

A modification of a substance's nature through a chemical reaction.

What is the smallest particle of matter called?

An atom.

What defines a molecule in terms of atoms?

An association of at least two atoms.

How many entities correspond to one mole of substance?

6.023 × $10^{23}$ entities.

What is the mass of one mole of carbon-12?

12 grams.

What formula relates number of particles to amount of substance?

$N = n \times N_A$.

What does $N_A$ represent in $N = n \times N_A$?

Avogadro's number, 6.023 × $10^{23}$ entities per mole.

How is amount of substance calculated from mass and molar mass?

$n = \frac{m}{M}$.

What is one atomic mass unit defined as?

One twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

What is molar concentration in chemistry?

The number of moles of solute per litre of solution.

What formula calculates molar concentration?

$C_H = \frac{n}{V}$

In what units is molar concentration expressed?

Mol per litre (mol/L).

What does mass concentration measure?

The mass of solute relative to the volume of solution.

What formula calculates mass concentration?

$C = \frac{m}{V}$

In what units is mass concentration expressed?

Grams per litre (g/L).