Flashcard: Global Cold War and Economic Transformations — 24 carte

Thirty Glorious Years — definition?

Post-1945 period of strong Western economic growth.

Oil weapon by OPEC — role?

Used production cuts to pressure Western governments.

First oil shock — triggered by?

Yom Kippur war and OPEC-led production cuts in 1973.

Second oil shock — cause?

Iranian Revolution and OPEC doubling prices in 1979.

Stagflation — components?

Inflation, high unemployment, little/no growth.

Fordist model — what?

Mass manufacturing with large firms and assembly lines.

Deindustrialization — process?

Decline of manufacturing industries and shift away from industry.

Sunbelt — location?

US region of expanding electronics and service industries.

Neo-liberalism — policy?

Market control shift from public to private sector.

Deregulation — effect?

Reduces costs but risks monopoly and poor services.

China’s reforms — starting year?

1978 under Deng Xiaoping.

Boluan Fanzheng — purpose?

Restore order after Cultural Revolution.

Four Modernizations — focus?

Agriculture, industry, defense, technology.

SEZs — role?

Lighter regulation zones to attract foreign investment.

Export-led growth — strategy?

Expand exports to drive industrial and GDP growth.

Tiananmen — date?

1989, with protests in April, crackdown in May.

Maastricht Treaty — year?

1992, created EU and launched EMU.

European citizenship — created by?

Maastricht Treaty, alongside national citizenship.

Gorbachev’s reforms — main?

Perestroika (restructuring) and glasnost (openness).

Sinatra Doctrine — meaning?

Moscow allowed Eastern Europe to reform independently.

Fall of Berlin Wall — date?

November 9, 1989.

USSR dissolution — year?

1991, with Baltic independence and republic reforms.

Yeltsin — role?

Elected Russian President in June 1991.

Coup attempt — year?

August 1991, against Gorbachev, failed.