Fresco, tempera, and oil
Explanation
Fresco, tempera, and oil are the three distinct painting media identified for study. Mosaic, encaustic, and watercolor are related artistic materials but do not form the specified set.
A triptych
Explanation
A triptych consists of three panels, making it the appropriate term for this format. A diptych has two panels, while a predella is a lower section of an altarpiece and a polyptych has multiple panels without specifying three.
The contrast between light and dark
Explanation
Chiaroscuro refers to the strong contrast and modeling produced by light and dark areas. Blending colors through smoky edges describes sfumato, while the other choices concern formats or techniques rather than chiaroscuro.
The spread of the Black Death
Explanation
The devastating natural and demographic catastrophe associated with the 1340s was the Black Death. The Great Schism and humanist interest in fame were major historical developments, but they were not the disaster that devastated Europe during that decade.
Giotto and Cimabue
Explanation
The review distinguishes Giotto’s Madonna Enthroned from Cimabue’s Madonna Enthroned. Duccio and Berlinghieri are associated with other works in the period, while the remaining pairings belong to different artistic contexts.
Nicola is more classical, while Giovanni is more expressive and Gothic
Explanation
Nicola Pisano’s sculpture shows stronger classical influence, whereas Giovanni Pisano’s style is more emotional, animated, and Gothic. The other choices assign incorrect media or reverse the stylistic distinction.
England and France
Explanation
The Hundred Years’ War primarily involved the kingdoms of England and France. The other pairings describe neighboring European powers but do not identify the principal participants in this conflict.
Engraving
Explanation
Schongauer’s Saint Anthony Tormented by Demons is an engraving, produced through an intaglio printmaking process. Fresco, tempera, and oil are painting methods rather than the technique used for this work.
An illuminated Book of Hours
Explanation
Les Très Riches Heures is an illuminated Book of Hours, notable for its richly painted devotional and calendar imagery. The other choices describe different artistic or architectural formats and do not fit this manuscript.
They convey symbolic meanings within the scene
Explanation
These objects often carry symbolic meanings that deepen the religious or narrative content of Flemish paintings. Treating them as merely decorative misses their role as meaningful visual elements.
Near the lower edge of the architectural space
Explanation
Masaccio places the vanishing point low in the fresco, near the viewer’s eye level and the lower architectural zone, intensifying the illusion of depth. A common mistake is to place it at the cross, although the perspective lines converge much lower.
Designing the dome of Florence Cathedral
Explanation
Brunelleschi designed the innovative dome for Florence Cathedral, a major achievement of Early Renaissance engineering. The Sistine Chapel ceiling is associated with Michelangelo, not Brunelleschi.
The Medici family
Explanation
The Medici family used its wealth and influence to support artists, architects, and humanist scholars in Florence. The other families were important Italian patrons, but they were associated primarily with other courts and cities.
Donatello presents a youthful nude figure, while Verrocchio shows a clothed youth in armor.
Explanation
Donatello’s bronze David is an unusually youthful nude figure, whereas Verrocchio’s version depicts David as a clothed young victor wearing armor. The other comparisons misidentify the figures’ forms and attributes.
Elongated figures, artificial poses, and complex compositions
Explanation
Mannerism is associated with elongated bodies, unusual poses, artificial elegance, and crowded or unstable compositions. The balanced clarity described in another choice is more typical of the High Renaissance than of Mannerism.
Leonardo da Vinci — The Last Supper
Explanation
Leonardo da Vinci painted The Last Supper, as well as The Mona Lisa. The Assumption of the Virgin is associated with Titian, while Raphael and Michelangelo are linked to different major works.
Training as a goldsmith
Explanation
Dürer’s training as a goldsmith developed his control of fine lines and detailed metalwork, skills that supported his engraving technique. The other occupations would not have provided the same specialized preparation.
Church-issued remissions of punishment for sin
Explanation
Indulgences were remissions of temporal punishment for sins, often promoted through church practices that became a major target of reform criticism. Scripture translation and political alliances were important Reformation developments but were not indulgences.
Martin Luther
Explanation
Martin Luther initiated and led the Protestant Reformation in Germany through his criticism of church practices and theological arguments. Cranach supported Luther artistically, while Bruegel and Dürer were artists rather than leaders of the German Reformation.
A crowded scene illustrating familiar sayings and human folly
Explanation
Netherlandish Proverbs brings together many recognizable sayings in a crowded village setting, using them to comment on foolish human behavior. Bruegel’s seasonal landscapes, including Hunters in the Snow, address a different subject and tradition.
Memorize the answers with 40 flashcards on Art History Survey II Exam Review.
Which painting media are covered in the review?
Fresco, tempera, and oil.
Which types of artworks must be recognized in the review?
Diptychs, triptychs, Nativity, Lamentation, Annunciation, Last Supper, David figures, and Madonna and Child images.
What is the definition of chiaroscuro?
Chiaroscuro is the use of strong contrasts between light and dark in art.
Read the complete study sheet on Art History Survey II Exam Review.
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