What effects did colonization have on economies and traditional societies?
It disrupted them.
What attitude toward settlers did colonization generate?
Resentment.
How did colonization encourage national consciousness?
It produced new elites.
What political goal did the CGT, UGTAN, and FO pursue beyond workplace demands?
Ending colonial rule.
What role did new political parties play in relation to trade unions?
They supported the unions.
Which groups of leaders helped drive nationalism?
Labor, local bourgeois, and Western-educated elite leaders.
What political role did the Third World take on?
It supported independence claims.
When was the Bandung conference held?
18–24 April 1955.
Which wartime defeats damaged colonial powers’ prestige?
The rapid defeats of France, Belgium, and the Netherlands.
What did returning colonial soldiers demand after their wartime sacrifices?
Compensation.
How did returning colonial soldiers change through wartime experience?
They were transformed by their experience.
What right did the Atlantic Charter proclaim on 14 August 1941?
The right of peoples to self-determination.
What policy did the United States promote toward colonial trade?
The Open Door policy.
In which year did the United States grant independence to the Philippines?
1946.
What ideas underpinned the USSR’s anticolonial policy?
Marxist-Leninist ideas.
How did the USSR’s anticolonial policy compare ideologically with the United States’ policy?
It was more ideological.
What did Article 1 of the UN Charter proclaim in 1945?
The equal rights of peoples to self-determination.
What did the UN General Assembly's 1960 anticolonial declaration call for?
Immediate independence for territories still under colonial rule.
What limited the UN's ability to bring about decolonization?
It could exert moral pressure but lacked the means to impose decolonization.
Which former group helped drive decolonization?
Former soldiers.
Which student organization’s members helped drive decolonization?
The FEANF.
What stance did intellectuals who drove decolonization take toward cultural alienation?
They opposed cultural alienation.
When and where did the Pan-Arab League form?
In Cairo on 22 March 1945.
What influenced the emergence of Asiatism?
Japan’s victory over Russia in 1905.
Where did the Pan-African movement originate?
In the Americas among Black people.
Which five cities hosted Pan-African congresses from 1919 to 1945?
Paris, Brussels, London, New York, and Manchester.
What role did Japanese occupation in Asia play in decolonization?
It played an important role.
Which historian argued that wartime contact changed African soldiers’ perceptions of Europeans?
Iba Der Thiam.
When did the United States support independence movements?
When it believed independence could block communism.
Which Vietnamese nationalist was appealed to by Soviet anticolonial ideology?
Hô Chi Minh.
Which Angolan nationalist was appealed to by Soviet anticolonial ideology?
Agostino Neto.
Which Mozambican nationalist was appealed to by Soviet anticolonial ideology?
Samora Machel.
Which colonized countries had representatives at the United Nations forum?
China, Indonesia, and India.
How did the UN monitor territories that were not yet autonomous?
It requested information from colonial powers and checked progress toward readiness for independence.
What did the UN address in 1957 despite France's objections?
The Algerian issue.
In which year did Syria become independent?
1946.
Answer 14 questions on Causes of Decolonization.
1. How did colonization contribute to the growth of national consciousness?
2. A colonized society experiences economic disruption, growing resentment toward settlers, and the rise of new elites. What broader development could these changes encourage?
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