What did Henry VII enforce to unify England after the Wars of the Roses?
Law and order
How did Henry VII prevent nobles from maintaining private armies?
By taxing them
Which groups did Henry VII support to encourage commerce?
Merchants and the gentry
What did the Act of Supremacy of 1534 declare Henry VIII?
Supreme Head of the Church of England
What did the Act of Supremacy of 1534 do to monasteries?
Closed them and transferred their properties to the kingdom
How many times did Henry VIII marry?
Six times
Which wife of Henry VIII gave him his only male heir?
Jane Seymour
What did the first Act of Uniformity under Edward VI impose?
The English Book of Common Prayer as the only legal worship basis.
What did the second Act of Uniformity under Edward VI promote?
Protestant doctrines and liturgies while banning pictures and statues in churches.
Who was Mary I's husband?
Philip II of Spain.
What religion did Mary I restore during her reign?
Catholicism.
What nickname did Mary I earn for persecuting Protestants?
Bloody Mary.
Who was Elizabeth I's mother?
Anne Boleyn.
Which religious doctrine was defined by the Thirty-nine Articles?
The Anglican doctrine.
In which year did Elizabeth I define the Anglican doctrine by the Thirty-nine Articles?
1571.
In which year did Philip II's Invincible Armada suffer defeat?
1588.
What tactic did English ships use against the Spanish Armada in 1588?
Rapid attacks to prevent manoeuvring.
Why did the Spanish Armada fail in the Channel in 1588?
Because English ships were more agile and attacked rapidly.
Who was the first monarch to reign over England, Scotland, and Ireland simultaneously?
James I (1603-1625)
What belief caused conflict between James I and Parliament?
The divine right of kings
In which year was the Gunpowder Plot to blow up Parliament?
1605
Who was executed after the Gunpowder Plot was exposed?
Guy Fawkes and other conspirators
When did the Pilgrim Fathers sail to America on the Mayflower?
1620
Where did the Pilgrim Fathers land and found a colony?
Massachusetts
What was Humanism's main cultural focus after 1453?
Recovering ancient Greek and Roman literature and culture.
What does the term 'Renaissance' mean?
Rebirth.
Which fields flourished during the Renaissance revival of learning?
Science, art, and architecture.
What innovation enabled wider book circulation after the fifteenth century?
Johann Gutenberg’s printing press.
How did Bible translation support Martin Luther’s Reform?
It allowed people to read the Bible without a priest’s mediation.
Why did the English Renaissance reach England later than Italy?
Because of the Wars of the Roses and Henry VIII’s break with Rome.
What cultural influences did English scholars bring back from Italy during the Renaissance?
Greek and Latin languages were introduced at Oxford and classical schools were founded.
In which fields was the English Renaissance especially fertile?
Literature and drama.
Name some writers of the English Renaissance Golden Age.
Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, Edmund Spenser, and John Donne.
What did Machiavelli argue about a prince's use of force?
A prince could use force and appear cruel to maintain power.
What was Francis Bacon's view on how rulers should govern?
Rulers should be moderate because rigid leaders lose popular support.
What is the key difference between Machiavelli's and Bacon's political views?
Machiavelli supported forceful rule; Bacon advocated moderation.
Which author argued that a prince could use cruelty to maintain power?
Machiavelli.
What did Copernicus' heliocentric theory place at the universe's centre?
The sun.
What did Copernicus' theory describe about planetary bodies?
They follow orbits around the sun.
Which theory did Copernicus' heliocentric model challenge?
The Ptolemaic theory placing Earth at the centre.
How did European exploration enlarge knowledge of the world?
By revealing unknown territories including America.
Why did the lands and riches of new territories become significant?
They became politically and economically important.
What was the Chain of Being in Elizabethan belief?
A hierarchical order linking all created things.
Which beings were included in the Chain of Being hierarchy?
God, angels, humans, animals, and plants.
Why was Elizabeth I called the 'Virgin Queen'?
Because she never married and was presented as married only to her people.
What instability did Elizabeth I avoid by not marrying?
Internal instability from a union with Catholic Spain in a divided country.
What cultural aspects flourished during the Elizabethan Golden Age?
Education, the English language, poetry, and theatre flourished.
Which two countries did Henry VIII maintain a position between?
Spain and France
What naval force did Henry VIII start?
The Royal Navy
What title did Pope Leo X grant Henry VIII in 1521?
Defensor Fidei
Why was Henry VIII given the title Defensor Fidei?
For defending the papacy against Martin Luther
How did translation and printing influence Renaissance culture?
They spread works from French, Italian, Greek, and Latin authors.
Who introduced the sonnet into England and how?
Thomas Wyatt through translating Petrarch’s sonnets.
In what language was Sir Thomas More’s Utopia originally written?
Latin.
What did Elizabethan people believe alongside official Church teachings?
Fairies, magic, witches, spells, prophecies, and folklore.
Who was John Dee and what roles did he have?
A mathematician, astrologer, alchemist, and spiritualist.
How did John Dee influence Queen Elizabeth's reign?
He advised on a propitious coronation day and stimulated scientific thought.
Test your knowledge with 24 questions on English History and Renaissance Culture.
1. Which policy helped Henry VII prevent nobles from maintaining private armies after the Wars of the Roses?
2. Which combination best describes Henry VII’s approach to consolidating Tudor rule?
Review the complete course in the study sheet for English History and Renaissance Culture.
See study sheet →Import your course and AI generates flashcards in 30 seconds.
Flashcard generator