Flashcards: Foundations of Philosophy and Society — 20 cards

Falsafah — definition?

Systematic inquiry into fundamental questions.

Philosophy & nation building — role?

Shapes identity, guides societal values and cohesion.

Philosophical ideas — purpose?

Foster societal well-being and unity.

Philosophy approaches — examples?

Rationalism, empiricism, idealism, existentialism, pragmatism.

Deductive method — function?

From general principles to specific conclusions.

Inductive method — function?

From observations to broad generalizations.

Abductive reasoning — purpose?

Infer the most likely explanation.

Heuristic method — use?

Trial and discovery for solutions.

Branches of philosophy — main ones?

Metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, logic, aesthetics.

Metaphysics — focus?

Nature of reality and existence.

Epistemology — focus?

Nature and scope of knowledge.

Ethics — focus?

Moral principles and conduct.

Logic — focus?

Principles of valid reasoning.

Aesthetics — focus?

Beauty, art, taste.

Western vs Eastern philosophy — difference?

Cultural, historical, and epistemological distinctions.

Western philosophy — emphasis?

Logic, scientific inquiry, individualism.

Eastern philosophy — emphasis?

Harmony, holistic views, spirituality.

Secularism — definition?

Separation of religion from state affairs.

Modern ideologies — examples?

Liberalism, utilitarianism, feminism.

Modernism & Enlightenment — impact?

Progress, science, human rights.