Republic of Ireland — since when?
Independent nation since 1921.
Northern Ireland — part of?
Part of the United Kingdom.
Ulster — includes?
Six counties in UK plus three in Republic.
Population (2019) — Ireland?
Approximately 4.9 million.
Population density — Ireland?
About 70 inhabitants per km².
Fertility rate — Ireland?
1.77 children per woman (2017).
Fertility rate — Northern Ireland?
1.89 children per woman (2019).
Main rivers — Ireland?
Shannon and Liffey.
Geography — Ireland?
Mountainous with central lowland, lakes, bogs.
Bog — definition?
Wetland with peat, ecological feature.
Climate — Ireland?
Mild oceanic influenced by Gulf Stream.
Atlantic influence — effects?
Mild winters, frequent rain, rugged coast.
Vikings — first raided?
795 AD, established trading towns.
Normans — arrived?
1169, introduced feudal system, built castles.
English conquest — period?
1536–1800, efforts to anglicise Ireland.
Henry VIII — role?
Head of Irish Church, religious reforms.
Plantation of Ulster — year?
1605, Scots settled, increased anglicisation.
Gaelic resistance — end?
Defeated by 1603, Gaelic autonomy lost.
Partition — year?
1921, dividing Ireland into two.
The Troubles — period?
Late 1960s–1998, sectarian conflict.
Good Friday — significance?
1998 peace agreement, ended violence.
Modern Ireland — key features?
Rapid economic growth, EU membership, tech sector.
Test your knowledge with 11 questions on Ireland's Political and Geographical Evolution.
1. What is the primary purpose of Dublin's designation as a provincial capital in Ireland?
2. How do Ireland's mountainous regions compare to its central lowland area?
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