Study guide: Transport and Trade

📋 Course Outline

1. Trade and Transport Basics
2. Transport Modes and Links
3. Urban Transport and Solutions
4. Map Skills and Harbour Studies

📖 1. Trade and Transport Basics

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

• Trade: The buying and selling or exchange of goods and services.
• Imports: Goods or services bought from another country.
• Exports: Goods or services sold to another country.

★ Must-know

• Transport moves people and goods, and trade depends on transport to connect producers, ports, shops and customers.

Further detail

• Countries trade because their resources, skills, products and costs differ.

💡 Memory Hook

Imports come in; exports go out.

📖 2. Transport Modes and Links

★ Must-know

• The five transport modes are:
  • road
  • rail
  • sea
  • air
  • pipelines

📌 Road transport is flexible and offers door-to-door service, but can cause congestion, accidents and pollution.

• Ports connect ships to road, rail and pipeline networks.

Further detail

• Different transport modes suit different distances, goods, costs and speeds.

• Rail transport can carry many people or heavy goods efficiently, but it needs tracks and terminals.

• Sea transport carries large international cargo and is usually slower than air transport.

• Air transport is fast, especially for people and valuable or perishable goods, but is expensive and has environmental impacts.

• Pipelines move liquids and gases such as oil, fuel or water along fixed routes.

• Cargo ships include:

  • container ships
  • tankers
  • bulk carriers

📖 3. Urban Transport and Solutions

★ Must-know

• Public transport includes:

  • buses
  • trains
  • minibus taxis

• Common urban transport issues include:

  • high commuter costs
  • traffic congestion
  • pollution
  • long travel times
  • unequal access

• Possible urban transport solutions include:

  • reliable public transport
  • bus or cycle lanes
  • rapid transit
  • safe walking routes
  • park-and-ride
  • car-free zones

Further detail

• Private transport includes cars and bicycles.

• Transport choices can be compared by:

  • cost
  • speed
  • capacity
  • flexibility
  • safety
  • environmental impact

📖 4. Map Skills and Harbour Studies

★ Must-know

• 🔄 Before interpreting a map, read:
  1. the title
  2. the key or legend
  3. the scale
  4. the direction
  5. the labels

📌 Support answers with evidence from the source.

Further detail

• To describe a pattern, state what you notice and where it occurs.

• A harbour case study should cover:

  • its location
  • why it developed there
  • major imports and exports
  • types of ships
  • links to other transport

💡 Memory Hook

Read the map’s title, key, scale, direction, then labels.