Тест: Understanding Cultural and Social Identity Theories — 4 въпроса

1. What is the main purpose of a strong 15-mark essay introduction in psychology?

A. To list every definition before any evidence is introduced

B. To avoid evaluation until the final sentence only

C. To summarize one study in full detail before making a claim

D. To present a clear thesis that answers the question and guides the argument

Answer: (D)

Обяснение

A strong 15-mark essay starts with a focused thesis that directly addresses the prompt and frames the argument. It should guide the response rather than simply listing definitions or delaying evaluation.

2. Why is it important to separate explanation from evaluation in a 15-mark essay?

A. It shows that causal claims can be made without considering bias

B. It replaces the need to discuss research findings in detail

C. It allows the writer to repeat the same point in different words for clarity

D. It helps distinguish why a finding occurs from the limits of the evidence

Answer: (D)

Обяснение

Explanation should show why or how something happens, while evaluation should address limits such as bias, sampling, or confounds. This separation makes the argument clearer and more analytical.

3. According to social identity theory, why can people show in-group favoritism?

A. Because group membership shapes self-concept and influences attitudes and behavior

B. Because people automatically obey anyone in authority

C. Because individuals always prefer familiar faces over strangers

D. Because conformity is caused only by direct rewards and punishment

Answer: (A)

Обяснение

Social identity theory argues that people define themselves partly through group membership, which can lead them to evaluate their own group more positively. In-group favoritism is therefore tied to identity and group norms, not simple obedience.

4. What do Tajfel-style findings most directly demonstrate about group labeling?

A. That merely assigning people to groups can change how they judge others

B. That attitudes are unaffected by social categories

C. That group behavior depends entirely on personality traits

D. That people conform only when they receive explicit instructions

Answer: (A)

Обяснение

Tajfel-style research shows that group labels alone can shift evaluations between groups, supporting the idea that identity cues affect judgment. This is stronger than the claim that conformity depends only on instructions or personality.