Cuestionario: Urban Growth and Landscape Dynamics — 12 preguntas

1. Which statement best defines urbanisation?

A. The expansion of rural land into farming districts

B. The rise in the number of people in one city due only to births

C. The movement of factories from city centres to suburbs

D. The increasing number and concentration of urban areas over time

Answer: (D)

Explicación

Urbanisation refers to more urban areas appearing and becoming more concentrated over time. The other options describe population change, economic change, or rural land use rather than urbanisation.

2. What directly drives urban population increase when people move into cities?

A. In-migration into urban areas

B. The closure of transport routes

C. A fall in building density

D. A decrease in the number of settlements

Answer: (A)

Explicación

Urban population increase is driven by natural growth and migration, and in-migration is the direct movement into cities. The other options do not increase urban population.

3. What is a CBD?

A. A suburban zone where most housing is located

B. A large urban area formed by joining several cities

C. An area affected by a city’s services and activities

D. The central business district where economic activities concentrate

Answer: (D)

Explicación

A CBD is the central business district and is the core area for central economic activities. The other choices describe residential areas, a megalopolis, or a sphere of influence.

4. What does a city’s sphere of influence refer to?

A. The area affected by the city’s services and activities

B. The tallest buildings found in the city centre

C. The total number of factories inside the city

D. The road network used only for commuting

Answer: (A)

Explicación

A sphere of influence is the area reached by a city’s services and activities. It is about the city’s impact beyond its boundary, not just its buildings or roads.

5. Which option is an example of urban regeneration?

A. The breakdown of old buildings without replacing them

B. The building of new suburbs without planning

C. A shared transport system used to reduce congestion

D. Wider redevelopment to improve economic, social, and environmental outcomes

Answer: (D)

Explicación

Urban regeneration is broader redevelopment aimed at improving economic, social, and environmental conditions. Public transport is a separate solution, and the other options do not match regeneration.

6. Which approach is used to guide how land use and growth are organised in cities?

A. Drainage basin management

B. Mechanical weathering

C. Longshore drift

D. Town planning

Answer: (D)

Explicación

Town planning is the method used to organise land use and urban growth. The other options belong to coastal, geomorphological, or river topics.

7. What is weathering?

A. The breakdown of rock at or near Earth’s surface into smaller materials

B. The melting of rock deep underground

C. The movement of rock fragments by wind or water

D. The deposition of sediment in a new location

Answer: (A)

Explicación

Weathering is the breakdown of rock in place at or near the surface. Erosion and deposition move material, so they are different processes.

8. Which landform is commonly associated with karst processes?

A. A spit

B. A delta

C. A sinkhole

D. An estuary

Answer: (C)

Explicación

Sinkholes are karst features linked to cave development and collapse in soluble rock. The other options are river or coastal landforms.

9. What is longshore drift?

A. The movement of sediment along a coast caused by waves approaching at an angle

B. The building of sand by river deposition at the coast

C. The direct fall of pebbles from cliffs into the sea

D. The removal of material by backwash only

Answer: (A)

Explicación

Longshore drift transports sediment along the shoreline when waves approach at an angle. The other options confuse it with cliff erosion, backwash, or river deposition.

10. Which statement best describes a constructive wave?

A. It always creates cliffs and caves

B. It builds coastal material through swash-dominant processes

C. It forms only in river mouths

D. It removes coastal material through backwash-dominant processes

Answer: (B)

Explicación

Constructive waves are associated with stronger swash than backwash, so they build up material on the coast. Destructive waves do the opposite and remove material.

11. What is a drainage basin in a river system?

A. The land area that collects rainfall and channels it to a river system

B. The point where a river meets the sea and deposits most of its sediment

C. The distance between two tributary confluences along the main channel

D. The bend in a river where erosion and deposition occur on opposite banks

Answer: (A)

Explicación

A drainage basin is the area of land that receives rainfall and drains it into a river system. The other options describe a meander, a river mouth, or an unrelated spacing measure.

12. How is an oxbow lake formed?

A. When erosion deepens both banks of a straight river reach

B. When tributaries join to create a larger drainage basin

C. When sediment builds out at a river mouth to form a fan-shaped deposit

D. When a meander is cut off from the main river channel

Answer: (D)

Explicación

An oxbow lake forms when a meander becomes separated from the main channel, leaving a crescent-shaped waterbody behind. The other options describe a delta, drainage basin formation, or an incorrect erosion process.