The cell cycle includes phases where the cell grows, duplicates its DNA, and divides into two daughter cells. Cytokinesis is the final step, physically separating the cytoplasm into two distinct cells. Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, while haploid cells have only one set. The alternation of generation describes a life cycle that switches between haploid and diploid stages, which is fundamental to understanding how organisms reproduce and develop. The zygote is the initial cell formed after fertilization, marking the beginning of a new organism.
1. Which term describes the division of the cytoplasm that occurs after nuclear division, resulting in two separate cells?
2. Which chromosome abnormality is primarily caused by nondisjunction during cell division?
3. How does programmed cell death (apoptosis) differ from necrosis?
Cell cycle — phases?
G1, S, G2, mitosis, cytokinesis.
Chromosome abnormality — example?
Aneuploidy, translocation, or deletion.
Programmed cell death — process?
Apoptosis involves caspases dismantling the cell.
Cdk's — role?
Regulate cell cycle progression when bound to cyclins.
Chromosome structure — key feature?
Centromere connects sister chromatids.
Nondisjunction — effect?
Causes aneuploidy due to improper chromosome separation.
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