Foundations of Human Psychology

Revision sheet excerpt

Course Outline

  1. Biological Influences
  2. Psychodynamic Theory
  3. Behavioral Learning
  4. Cognitive Processes
  5. Humanistic Growth
  6. Sociocultural Factors
  7. Evolutionary Adaptations
  8. Integrative Approaches

1. Biological Influences

Key Concepts & Definitions

  • Neurotransmitters: Chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses between neurons; examples include dopamine (reward, pleasure) and serotonin (mood regulation).
  • Genetics: The study of hereditary factors influencing behavior; twin and adoption studies show genetic contributions to traits and mental health.
  • Brain Structures: Specific areas of the brain (e.g., hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex) responsible for functions like memory, emotion, and decision-making.
  • Hormones: Chemical substances produced by glands (e.g., adrenaline, cortisol) that regulate physiological processes and influence behavior.
  • Biological Basis of Behavior: The idea that biological processes—such as neural activity, genetics, and hormones—underpin psychological functions and behaviors.

Essential Points

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Quiz preview

1. What are 'Biological Influences' in psychology?

2. What role do neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin play in human behavior according to biological influences?

3. Who is considered the founder of the Psychodynamic Theory?

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Flashcards preview

Biological influences — key components?

Neurotransmitters, genetics, brain structures, hormones.

Neurotransmitters — definition?

Chemical messengers transmitting signals between neurons.

Psychodynamic theory — core focus?

Unconscious motives and childhood experiences shape behavior.

Genetics — role?

Influences hereditary traits and behavior.

Behavioral learning — main processes?

Classical and operant conditioning shape behavior via environment.

Brain structures — example?

Hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex.

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