Psychology Perspectives — focus?
Different lenses for understanding behavior.
Biopsychology — role?
Studies biological influences on behavior.
Behavioral — emphasis?
Observable behaviors and learning.
Cognitive — focus?
Mental processes like thinking and memory.
Humanistic — emphasis?
Personal growth and self-actualization.
Psychodynamic — core?
Unconscious drives and childhood influences.
Sociocultural — view?
Social norms and cultural influences.
Famous Psychologists — example?
Freud, Pavlov, Wundt, Skinner, Bandura.
Psychologist vs Psychiatrist — difference?
Psychiatrists prescribe medication; psychologists do therapy.
Subfield — most common?
Clinical Psychology.
Scientific Method — steps?
Ask questions, hypothesize, research, analyze, conclude.
Research Methods — include?
Case studies, surveys, observations, archival.
Variables — types?
Independent (manipulated), dependent (measured).
Sleep — circadian rhythm?
Biological clock regulating sleep-wake cycle.
Sleep stages — order?
Stages 1-4, then REM.
Sleep cycle — duration?
About 90 minutes.
Sleep disorders — examples?
Insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy.
Classical conditioning — process?
Associating neutral stimulus with unconditioned stimulus.
Unconditioned stimulus — role?
Triggers response naturally.
Operant conditioning — focus?
Behavior influenced by consequences.
Reinforcement — effect?
Increases likelihood of behavior.
Punishment — effect?
Decreases likelihood of behavior.
Learning — key?
Forming associations and behaviors via experience.
Sleep stages — deep sleep?
Stages 3 and 4 (slow-wave sleep).
Test your knowledge with 12 questions on Foundations of Psychology and Sleep Science.
1. How can understanding sleep cycles and stages be applied to improve sleep quality in practice?
2. What is the primary role of operant conditioning in psychology?
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