Тест: Fundamentals of Sports Materials and Performance — 8 въпроса

1. What is polymerization?

A. The chemical reaction that bonds monomers together to form a polymer

B. The bond between two polymer chains that prevents remelting

C. The physical change that makes a plastic softer when heated

D. The process of breaking a polymer into smaller monomers

Answer: (A)

Обяснение

Polymerization is the chemical reaction that joins many monomers into a larger polymer. The other options describe different concepts, such as heating behavior or cross links.

2. How do thermosoftening plastics behave when heated?

A. They become stronger only after repeated heating cycles

B. They soften, can be remoulded, and can be used again

C. They resist heat because they contain many cross links

D. They harden permanently and cannot be reshaped

Answer: (B)

Обяснение

Thermosoftening plastics have no cross links, so they melt and can be reshaped multiple times. Thermosetting plastics are the ones that harden permanently.

3. Which set contains the five essential nutrient groups named for an athlete's diet?

A. Proteins, fats, water, vitamins, and salt

B. Proteins, carbohydrates, water, minerals, and vitamins

C. Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, and vitamins

D. Carbohydrates, fats, fibre, minerals, and water

Answer: (C)

Обяснение

The five nutrient groups listed are proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, and vitamins. Water is essential for hydration, but it is not one of the five groups in this list.

4. What best defines doping in sport?

A. Taking illegal substances to try to improve performance

B. Following a strict diet to increase energy intake

C. Training at a higher intensity than usual before competition

D. Using legal supplements to support recovery after training

Answer: (A)

Обяснение

Doping is defined as athletes taking illegal substances to improve performance. The other options may affect performance, but they are not doping.

5. Which event is identified as the first ban on doping in the timeline?

A. The creation of the World Anti-Doping Agency after 1998

B. The first doping tests in cycling and football in 1966

C. The International Association of Athletics Federations banning doping in 1928

D. The major Tour de France scandal in 1998

Answer: (C)

Обяснение

The source states that the International Association of Athletics Federations first banned doping in 1928. WADA came later, after the 1998 scandal.

6. Which testing approach is described as the main method for detecting doping substances in urine samples?

A. Reaction time testing

B. X-ray imaging

C. Electrocardiography

D. Mass spectrometry

Answer: (D)

Обяснение

Most doping testing uses mass spectrometry on urine samples, where each substance has a unique chemical fingerprint. The other options are not the detection method described.

7. How can technology help coaches and support teams monitor athlete performance?

A. By guaranteeing that injuries will not happen during competition

B. By tracking fitness, technique, tactics, and recovery through data analysis

C. By removing the need for athletes to review their own performance

D. By replacing the need for any training plan or coaching decisions

Answer: (B)

Обяснение

Technology is used before, during, and after events to collect and analyse data for fitness, skills, injury prevention, and strategy. It supports decision-making rather than replacing training or eliminating injury risk.

8. What does a higher ISO setting do in sports photography?

A. Reduces camera shake by stabilizing the lens automatically

B. Freezes motion more sharply by shortening exposure time

C. Makes the image brighter but can increase noise or grain

D. Opens the lens wider to let in more light

Answer: (C)

Обяснение

ISO controls sensor sensitivity, so increasing it can brighten an image, but it often increases noise or grain. Shutter speed controls motion blur, while aperture controls how much light enters the camera.