Industrial Revolution start?
1780, major technological changes begin.
Digital Revolution start?
1940, digital technology advances.
Automation — role?
Operates machinery with minimal human input.
CAD — purpose?
Creates and modifies designs digitally.
CAM — function?
Controls manufacturing processes via software.
CNC — mechanism?
Uses computer programming for precise machining.
FMS — benefit?
Flexible production with minimal changeover.
JIT — goal?
Reduce waste by producing on demand.
Virtual & Augmented Reality — use?
Enhance design, training, and simulation.
AI — role?
Enables machines to learn and make decisions.
Parallel Motion Linkage — movement?
Produces parallel output movement.
Reverse Motion Linkage — effect?
Reverses the direction of movement.
Treadle Linkage — operated by?
Foot pedal, manual force.
Crank & Slider — converts?
Rotary to linear motion.
Bell Crank — function?
Changes force direction at 90°.
1st Class Lever — fulcrum?
Between effort and load.
2nd Class Lever — load position?
Between effort and fulcrum.
3rd Class Lever — effort?
Between load and fulcrum.
Product durability — influenced by?
Effort, load, and fulcrum placement.
Graphene — property?
Exceptional strength and conductivity.
Metal Foams — characteristic?
Lightweight, energy-absorbing materials.
Titanium — advantage?
High strength-to-weight, corrosion resistant.
Smart materials — stimuli?
Heat, sound, electricity, UV, pressure.
Self-healing concrete — purpose?
Automatically repairs cracks, extends lifespan.
Test your knowledge with 12 questions on Innovative Materials and Mechanical Systems.
1. What was the main purpose of the Industrial and Digital Revolutions in transforming industry and society?
2. When was Computer Numerical Control (CNC) technology first established as a significant automation milestone in manufacturing?
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