Animal models — purpose?
Study neural circuits in vivo.
Transgenic animals — role?
Enable targeted genetic manipulation.
DNA recombinase — example?
Cre-lox system.
Viral vectors — advantage?
Targeted gene delivery in specific neurons.
Optogenetics — mechanism?
Control neurons with light-sensitive proteins.
Chemogenetics — method?
Use ligand-activated receptors to modulate activity.
Electrophysiology — technique?
Record neural activity via electrical signals.
Calcium during AP — influx?
Occurs during repolarization phase.
GECIs — purpose?
Fluorescently report calcium levels.
Single-photon microscopy — depth?
Limited to ~200 micrometers.
Two-photon microscopy — advantage?
Deeper imaging up to 1 mm.
Jablonski diagram — shows?
Excitation and emission processes.
Excitation wavelength — in two-photon?
Near-infrared, longer wavelengths.
Scattering — effect?
Limits resolution and depth in optical imaging.
Microendoscopes — use?
Access deep brain regions for imaging.
GRIN lenses — function?
Optical access to deep structures.
Calcium indicator variants — example?
GCaMP6s (slow), GCaMP6f (fast).
Optical imaging — limitation?
Trade-off between depth, resolution, and complexity.
Answer 9 questions on Neural Circuit Imaging and Manipulation Techniques.
1. What is the primary purpose of using laboratory animal models in neural circuit studies?
2. What is the primary function of DNA recombinase systems such as Cre-lox in genetic manipulation?
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