Acids Bases and Salts

Study sheet excerpt

Course Outline

  1. Acid and Base Concepts
  2. Bronsted-Lowry Proton Transfer
  3. Strength and Dissociation
  4. Alkalis and Metallic Bases
  5. Characteristic Acid Reactions
  6. Characteristic Base Reactions
  7. Metal Oxides and Acid Rain

1. Acid and Base Concepts

Key Concepts & Definitions

  • Arrhenius acid : Svante Arrhenius, 1887 — a substance that ionizes in water to produce H+ ions
  • Arrhenius base : Svante Arrhenius, 1887 — a substance that ionizes in water to produce OH− ions

Essential Points

  • Aqueous solutions of acids contain H+ ions, while aqueous solutions of bases contain OH− ions and conduct electricity.

  • Acids turn blue litmus red and generally taste sour, whereas bases turn red litmus blue and generally taste bitter.

Memory Hook

Acids donate or produce H+, whereas bases accept protons or produce OH−.

2. Bronsted-Lowry Proton Transfer

Key Concepts & Definitions

  • Bronsted-Lowry acid : a proton donor
  • Bronsted-Lowry base : a proton acceptor

Essential Points

📌 In the reaction HCl+H2OH3O++ClHCl + H_2O \longrightarrow H_3O^+ + Cl^-, HCl is the proton donor and acid, while H2O is the proton acceptor and base.

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Quiz preview

1. According to Arrhenius theory, what defines an acid in aqueous solution?

2. Which substance fits the Arrhenius definition of a base when dissolved in water?

3. What does a Brønsted–Lowry acid do during an acid–base reaction?

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Flashcards preview

What does an Arrhenius acid produce when ionized in water?

H+ ions.

What does an Arrhenius base produce when ionized in water?

OH− ions.

What ions do aqueous acid solutions contain?

H+ ions.

What ions do aqueous base solutions contain?

OH− ions.

What property do aqueous acid and base solutions share?

They conduct electricity.

What color does an acid turn blue litmus paper?

Red.

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