Flashcards: Fundamentals of Electric Charge and Circuits — 20 cards

Electric charge — definition?

A property causing electric forces between objects.

Positive vs negative charge — difference?

Positive from protons, negative from electrons.

SI unit of charge?

Coulomb (C).

Atomic particles — protons, neutrons, electrons?

Protons (+), neutrons (neutral), electrons (-).

Protons — location?

In the nucleus.

Electrons — location?

Orbiting the nucleus.

Charging by rubbing — mechanism?

Transfer of electrons between materials.

Static electricity — cause?

Charge imbalance from electron transfer.

Induction — process?

Charge separation without contact.

Electric forces — attraction or repulsion?

Opposite charges attract; like charges repel.

Conductors — example?

Metals like copper or aluminum.

Insulators — example?

Glass, plastic, air.

Electric circuit — definition?

Closed path allowing charge flow.

Power source — role?

Provides potential difference.

Potential difference — symbol?

ΔV or V.

Electric current — formula?

I = q / t.

SI unit of current?

Ampere (A).

Measuring devices — types?

Ammeter (current), voltmeter (voltage).

Fuses — function?

Melt under high current to prevent damage.

Circuit breaker — operation?

Opens circuit when current exceeds safe level.