Flashcards: Fundamentals of Probability and Independence — 14 cards

Probability — purpose?

Quantify likelihood of outcomes.

Contingency table — frequencies?

Counts or proportions of characteristics.

Experiments and events — vocab?

Experiments produce outcomes; events are outcome sets.

Conditional probability — definition?

Probability of A given B: P(A∩B)/P(B).

Weighted trees — function?

Represent sequential choices with probabilities.

Total probability — formula?

P(A)=P(A∩B)+P(A∩B̄).

Independence — criterion?

P(A∩B)=P(A)×P(B).

Experiment — what?

Procedure with unpredictable outcomes.

Event — what?

Subset of the sample space.

Conditional probability — interpretation?

Probability of A restricted to B's universe.

Path probability — rule?

Product of branch probabilities along the path.

Tree inversion — purpose?

Rearrange tree to find missing probabilities.

Product rule — for independent events?

P(A∩B)=P(A)×P(B).

Successive experiments — independence?

Results do not affect each other.