Crude oil — main component?
Mixture of hydrocarbons from ancient biomass.
Hydrocarbons — composition?
Only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
Alkanes — formula?
CnH2n+2.
Fractional distillation — process?
Heating crude oil to separate by boiling points.
Short hydrocarbons — properties?
Less viscous, more flammable, lower boiling points.
Cracking — purpose?
Break large hydrocarbons into smaller, useful ones.
Alkenes — formula?
CnH2n.
Alkenes — double bonds?
Contain at least one double carbon-carbon bond.
Alkene reactions — bromine water?
Turns from orange to colourless.
Cracking equation — example?
C6H14 → C2H4 + C4H10.
Crude oil — state?
Finite, complex mixture of hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbon properties — depend on?
Molecular size and structure.
Petrochemical products — examples?
Solvents, lubricants, polymers, detergents.
Hydrocarbon combustion — products?
Carbon dioxide and water.
Alkanes vs alkenes — difference?
Alkanes are saturated; alkenes are unsaturated with double bonds.
Distillation — separates?
Hydrocarbons into fractions with similar carbon numbers.
Alkenes — first two?
Ethene and propene.
Cracking methods — types?
Catalytic cracking and steam cracking.
Reactivity of alkenes?
More reactive due to double bonds.
Cracking equations — key?
Must balance carbons and hydrogens.
Test your knowledge with 10 questions on Hydrocarbon Chemistry and Cracking.
1. What is the primary chemical composition of most compounds in crude oil?
2. When was the process of fractional distillation of crude oil primarily established as a standard method for separating hydrocarbons?
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