★ Must-know
Plant cells have a cell wall and a large central vacuole.
🔄 Plasmolysis in a hypertonic solution proceeds as follows:
Further detail
Hypertonic water loss shrinks; hypotonic water entry swells.
1. What happens to a plant cell placed in a hypertonic solution?
2. As water enters a plant cell in a hypotonic solution, what does turgor pressure describe?
3. What role do aquaporins play in water movement across cell membranes?
Which two structures are found in plant cells?
A cell wall and a large central vacuole.
What happens to a plant cell’s protoplast during plasmolysis?
It shrinks and moves away from the cell wall.
What do aquaporins allow to diffuse massively?
Water.
What can diffuse very quickly through hydrophilic passages?
Water molecules and some ions.
What does cotransport couple through a transport protein?
One solute’s downhill diffusion to another substance’s uphill transport.
How do plants load photosynthetic sucrose into leaf-vein cells?
By H⁺/sucrose cotransport.
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