Flashcards: Week 2 — 39 cards

All cards

1Question

Which weeks does HP1100 cover research methods?

Answer

Weeks 2 to 6.

2Question

Who teaches research methods in HP1100?

Answer

Dr Choo Rui Qi.

3Question

Who teaches statistics in HP1100?

Answer

A/P Olivia Choy.

4Question

What percentage is the midterm quiz in the course assessment?

Answer

50%.

5Question

What percentage is the final exam in the course assessment?

Answer

50%.

6Question

What is science as a method of obtaining knowledge?

Answer

Science obtains knowledge through objective observations.

7Question

How does psychology use problem solving in its scientific method?

Answer

Psychology uses problem solving to move from theory to hypothesis testing.

8Question

What is the first step in the scientific method?

Answer

Starting from a research question.

9Question

What follows a research hypothesis in the scientific method?

Answer

Study design.

10Question

What is the final step in the scientific method?

Answer

Reporting.

11Question

What is a hypothesis in scientific research?

Answer

A statement assumed true for testing validity.

12Question

What does an operational definition specify in an experiment?

Answer

What is measured to define a concept.

13Question

Why is scientific knowledge considered empirical and objective?

Answer

Because it is verifiable through direct observation or experience.

14Question

How can scientific knowledge objectively report subjective experience?

Answer

It can objectively report a subjective experience by verifiable methods.

15Question

Why is scientific knowledge described as self-correcting and progressive?

Answer

Because new evidence can correct previous beliefs and improve knowledge.

16Question

What does science seek in its explanations of phenomena?

Answer

Science seeks the simplest possible explanation, or parsimony.

17Question

What question is science primarily concerned with answering?

Answer

Science is concerned with why phenomena occur.

18Question

What are the main goals of science?

Answer

To develop theories, describe phenomena, search for causes, and formulate explanations.

19Question

What characteristic must scientific explanations have?

Answer

They must be falsifiable.

20Question

What does the American Psychological Association provide for psychologists?

Answer

Ethical principles and a code of conduct.

21Question

What is the role of an Institutional Review Board in research?

Answer

To ensure studies have scientific merit and minimal risk.

22Question

What legal framework governs human biomedical research in Singapore?

Answer

The Singapore Human Biomedical Research Act.

23Question

Which three core principles does the Belmont Report identify?

Answer

Respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.

24Question

What must researchers obtain by explaining procedures and risks?

Answer

Informed consent

25Question

When can deception be used in research?

Answer

When participants must remain naïve to the research hypothesis

26Question

What must researchers do after using deception in a study?

Answer

Explain the study, answer questions, remove misconceptions, and assess deception success

27Question

What must researchers avoid regarding data and errors?

Answer

Plagiarism, fabrication of data, and uncorrected significant errors

28Question

What must animal researchers minimize during experiments?

Answer

Discomfort, infection, illness, and pain

29Question

What is the garden of forking paths in research?

Answer

Choosing among multiple data analysis methods increases false-positive rates.

30Question

Which authors described the garden of forking paths?

Answer

Gelman & Loken, 2014.

31Question

What is p-hacking in data analysis?

Answer

Repeatedly adjusting variables or data to get a significant p-value.

32Question

What does HARKing stand for in research?

Answer

Hypothesising after results are known.

33Question

What can fraudulent research practices lead to?

Answer

Retractions of published studies.

34Question

Which organization addresses research misconduct at NTU?

Answer

NTU's Research Integrity Office.

35Question

What does open research practice require researchers to share?

Answer

Exact methodology, data like Excel sheets, and documentation.

36Question

What is preregistration in research?

Answer

Documenting hypotheses, methods, and analyses before a study.

37Question

What does preregistration prevent researchers from doing after seeing results?

Answer

Replacing a planned variable with a significant alternative.

38Question

What is replication in scientific research?

Answer

Repeating a previous study's methodology to check for similar results.

39Question

What does scientific transparency require researchers to report?

Answer

Everything they hypothesized and found, plus protocol changes.

Test yourself with the quiz

Test your knowledge with 21 questions on Week 2.

1. How is the course assessment divided between the midterm quiz and the final exam?

2. Which pairing correctly matches the course sections with their teaching staff?

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Read the study sheet

Review the complete course in the study sheet for Week 2.

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