Female Reproductive System Revision Sheet

1. 📌 Essentials

• The uterus is a muscular, pear-shaped organ in the pelvis, supporting pregnancy and menstruation.
• Fallopian tubes extend from the uterine horns to the ovaries, facilitating ova transport and fertilization.
• Ovaries produce ova and hormones; located on the lateral pelvic wall.
• The broad ligament encloses the reproductive organs, supported by round and uterosacral ligaments.
• supply mainly via uterine artery (from internal iliac) and ovarian artery (from abdominal a).
• Uterus has three layers: endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium.
• Uterine artery crosses ureter ("water under the bridge").
• Fertilization occurs predominantly in the ampulla of the fallopian tube.
• Innervation includes sympathetic (lumbar splanchnic) and parasympathetic (pelvic splanchnic) fibers.
• Ligaments maintain uterine position and support reproductive function.

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