Tuberculosis — immune response?
Granuloma formation with caseous necrosis
Granuloma formation — purpose?
Containment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Reactivation vs Reinfection — difference?
Reactivation: dormant bacteria become active; Reinfection: new bacterial infection occurs
Caseous necrosis — appearance?
Cheese-like tissue necrosis within granulomas.
TB entry — initial site?
Alveoli in the lungs.
Failure of alveolar macrophages — consequence?
Bacterial survival and immune activation.
Reactivation — triggers?
Immunosuppression and granuloma breakdown.
Reinfection — definition?
New TB infection in previously exposed individual.
TB spread — primary method?
Aerosolized droplets from coughing.
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1. How does granuloma formation differ from caseous necrosis in the pathophysiology of tuberculosis?
2. What is a key characteristic feature of granulomas in tuberculosis?
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