1. What is the primary mechanism by which carbon monoxide (CO) causes toxicity in the human body?
2. What level of carboxyhemoglobin (%HbCO) typically indicates poisoning, and what level is often fatal according to the revision sheet?
3. Which of the following clinical signs is most characteristic of organophosphate poisoning?
CO — binding to hemoglobin?
Reversibly binds, displacing oxygen
CO poisoning — primary cause?
Inhalation of incomplete combustion gases.
CO toxicity — mechanism?
HbCO formation causes hypoxia and mitochondrial inhibition
HbCO levels indicating intoxication?
Above 15%; >50% often fatal.
Organophosphates — action?
Inhibit cholinesterases, causing cholinergic crisis
Organophosphates — mechanism?
Irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase.
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