Toxicology of Carbon Monoxide, Organophosphates, and Psychotropes

Revision sheet excerpt

Poisoning by Carbon Monoxide (CO), Organophosphates, and Psychotropes — Revision Sheet

1. 📌 Essentials

  • CO poisoning results from inhalation of incomplete combustion gases, hypoxia via hemoglobin binding.
  • Carboxyhem (HbCO) levels >15% indicate intoxication; >50% often fatal.
  • Organophosphates irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase, leading to cholinergic crisis.
  • Cholinesterase activity (pseudo and true) helps confirm organophosphate poisoning.
  • Psychotropic overdose affects CNS, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems; antidotes include flumazenil and naloxone.
  • Treatment for CO: high-flow oxygen and hyperbaric oxygen; for organophosphates: atropine + pralidoxime.
  • CO affinity for hemoglobin is 200-250x that of O2; half-life reduces from 320 min in air to 23 min with hyperbaric oxygen.
  • Organophosphates cause muscarinic, nicotinic, and central symptoms.
  • Psychotropes include sedatives, stimulants, neuroleptics, antidepressants, lithium.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for prognosis.

2. 🧩 Key Structures & Components

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Quiz preview

1. What is the primary mechanism by which carbon monoxide (CO) causes toxicity in the human body?

2. What level of carboxyhemoglobin (%HbCO) typically indicates poisoning, and what level is often fatal according to the revision sheet?

3. Which of the following clinical signs is most characteristic of organophosphate poisoning?

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Flashcards preview

CO — binding to hemoglobin?

Reversibly binds, displacing oxygen

CO poisoning — primary cause?

Inhalation of incomplete combustion gases.

CO toxicity — mechanism?

HbCO formation causes hypoxia and mitochondrial inhibition

HbCO levels indicating intoxication?

Above 15%; >50% often fatal.

Organophosphates — action?

Inhibit cholinesterases, causing cholinergic crisis

Organophosphates — mechanism?

Irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase.

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The revision sheet covers the essential concepts of Toxicology of Carbon Monoxide, Organophosphates, and Psychotropes. It is organized by topic to facilitate learning and memorization, with key definitions, explanations and summaries.

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