Diabetes Fundamentals and Management

📋 Course Outline

1. Diabetes Types
2. Pathophysiology
3. Signs and Symptoms
4. Complications
5. Management Goals
6. Nursing Assessment
7. Patient Education
8. Insulin Therapy
9. Oral Hypoglycemics
10. Monitoring and Follow-up

📖 1. Diabetes Types

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

• Type 1 Diabetes: An autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells, resulting in little or no insulin production.
• Type 2 Diabetes: A metabolic condition characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency, often associated with obesity and sedentary lifestyle.
• Gestational Diabetes: Elevated blood glucose levels that develop during pregnancy, usually resolving postpartum but increasing future diabetes risk.
• Insulin Resistance: A state where body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels.
• Autoimmune Destruction: The immune system's attack on the body's own tissues—in Type 1 diabetes, specifically pancreatic beta cells.
• Hyperglycemia: Elevated blood glucose levels resulting from insufficient insulin action or secretion.

📝 Essential Points