Homeostasis — definition?
Maintaining internal stability despite external changes.
Blood glucose levels — regulation?
Controlled by insulin and glucagon hormones.
Negative feedback — mechanism?
Counteracts deviations to restore balance.
Stimulus — role?
Triggers a response in the body.
Receptor — function?
Detects specific stimuli and sends signals.
Control centre — role?
Processes information and directs responses.
Effector — function?
Carries out the response to stimuli.
Response — definition?
The body's reaction to a stimulus.
Sensory receptors — types?
Photoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, chemoreceptors.
Distribution of touch receptors — affects?
Sensitivity of body parts.
Nervous system components — main parts?
CNS and PNS.
CNS — includes?
Brain and spinal cord.
PNS — includes?
Nerves outside CNS.
Neuron — structure?
Dendrites, cell body, axon, synapse.
Neuron — function?
Transmit electrical signals.
Sensory neuron — role?
Detect stimuli, send to CNS.
Motor neuron — role?
Carry signals from CNS to effectors.
Interneuron — role?
Connect sensory and motor neurons in CNS.
Neural communication — process?
Action potential and neurotransmitter release.
Reflex action — characteristic?
Involuntary, rapid response.
Spinal cord — role in reflexes?
Processes and initiates reflex responses.
Endocrine system — function?
Secretes hormones to regulate body functions.
Hormones — travel via?
Bloodstream to target cells.
Insulin — effect?
Lowers blood glucose levels.
Pon a prueba tus conocimientos con 12 preguntas sobre Introduction to Human Physiology.
1. How do insulin and glucagon differ in their roles within blood glucose homeostasis?
2. What is the primary role of the control center in the stimulus-response pathway?
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