Flashcards: Acids Bases and Salts — 46 cards

What does an Arrhenius acid produce when ionized in water?

H+ ions.

What does an Arrhenius base produce when ionized in water?

OH− ions.

What ions do aqueous acid solutions contain?

H+ ions.

What ions do aqueous base solutions contain?

OH− ions.

What property do aqueous acid and base solutions share?

They conduct electricity.

What color does an acid turn blue litmus paper?

Red.

What color does a base turn red litmus paper?

Blue.

How do acids and bases generally taste?

Acids taste sour, bases taste bitter.

What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

A proton donor.

What is a Bronsted-Lowry base?

A proton acceptor.

In $HCl + H_2O \rightarrow H_3O^+ + Cl^-$, which species is the proton donor?

HCl is the proton donor.

In $HCl + H_2O \rightarrow H_3O^+ + Cl^-$, which species is the proton acceptor?

H2O is the proton acceptor.

Why is water considered amphoteric?

Because it can both donate and accept a proton.

What defines a strong acid in aqueous solution?

It ionizes completely, or 100%.

Name one example of a strong acid.

HCl is an example of a strong acid.

How much does a weak acid ionize in aqueous solution?

It ionizes only partially.

What percentage does ethanoic acid ionize in water?

Up to 5%.

What defines a strong base in aqueous solution?

It ionizes completely, or 100%.

Name one example of a strong base.

NaOH is an example of a strong base.

How does a weak base ionize in aqueous solution?

It ionizes only to a small extent.

What do weak bases produce fewer of in solution?

Fewer OH− ions.

What defines an alkali in chemistry?

A base that is soluble in water.

Are all bases alkalis?

No, not every base is an alkali.

Which bases do not dissolve in water?

Copper hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide, and ferric hydroxide.

What is an amphoteric oxide?

An oxide that behaves like both an acid and a base.

Name two examples of amphoteric oxides.

Aluminium oxide and zinc oxide.

What do acids produce when reacting with metals?

A salt and hydrogen gas.

What gases are produced when acids react with metal carbonates?

Carbon dioxide gas.

What are the products of a neutralization reaction?

A salt and water.

What is a neutralization reaction?

An acid reacting with a base to produce salt and water.

What are the products when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?

Sodium chloride and water.

Write the chemical equation for hydrochloric acid reacting with sodium hydroxide.

$HCl + NaOH \rightarrow NaCl + H_2O$

What taste do bases have?

Bases have a bitter taste.

What color change do bases cause on red litmus paper?

Bases turn red litmus blue.

What is the texture of aqueous base solutions?

They have a slippery touch.

What do bases form when they neutralize acids?

Salt and water.

What happens to ammonium salts when heated with bases?

They decompose and liberate ammonia gas.

What are the products of sodium hydroxide reacting with ammonium chloride?

Sodium chloride, ammonia, and water.

Write the reaction equation for sodium hydroxide and ammonium chloride.

$NaOH + NH_4Cl \rightarrow NaCl + NH_3 + H_2O$

What is acid rain?

Rain made more acidic by acid oxides with dissolved nitric and sulphuric acids.

What damage can acid rain cause to structures?

It can damage structures containing metals and metal carbonates due to its corrosive nature.

How do metal oxides form?

They form when metals react with oxygen.

What happens when metal oxides react with water?

They form metal hydroxides.

What is the product of sodium oxide reacting with water?

Sodium hydroxide.

Write the chemical equation for sodium oxide reacting with water.

$Na_2O + H_2O \rightarrow 2NaOH$

Name two examples of amphoteric hydroxides.

Aluminium hydroxide and zinc hydroxide.