Flashcard: Ireland's Political and Geographical Evolution — 22 carte

Republic of Ireland — since when?

Independent nation since 1921.

Northern Ireland — part of?

Part of the United Kingdom.

Ulster — includes?

Six counties in UK plus three in Republic.

Population (2019) — Ireland?

Approximately 4.9 million.

Population density — Ireland?

About 70 inhabitants per km².

Fertility rate — Ireland?

1.77 children per woman (2017).

Fertility rate — Northern Ireland?

1.89 children per woman (2019).

Main rivers — Ireland?

Shannon and Liffey.

Geography — Ireland?

Mountainous with central lowland, lakes, bogs.

Bog — definition?

Wetland with peat, ecological feature.

Climate — Ireland?

Mild oceanic influenced by Gulf Stream.

Atlantic influence — effects?

Mild winters, frequent rain, rugged coast.

Vikings — first raided?

795 AD, established trading towns.

Normans — arrived?

1169, introduced feudal system, built castles.

English conquest — period?

1536–1800, efforts to anglicise Ireland.

Henry VIII — role?

Head of Irish Church, religious reforms.

Plantation of Ulster — year?

1605, Scots settled, increased anglicisation.

Gaelic resistance — end?

Defeated by 1603, Gaelic autonomy lost.

Partition — year?

1921, dividing Ireland into two.

The Troubles — period?

Late 1960s–1998, sectarian conflict.

Good Friday — significance?

1998 peace agreement, ended violence.

Modern Ireland — key features?

Rapid economic growth, EU membership, tech sector.