Flashcard: Congenital Heart Defects and Neonatal Management — 22 carte

Cyanotic defects — shunt type?

Right-to-left shunting causes cyanosis.

Acyanotic defects — shunt type?

Left-to-right shunting increases pulmonary flow.

Pulmonary blood flow — defect classification?

Classifies defects as increased, normal, or decreased.

Right-to-left shunt — effect?

Causes systemic desaturation and cyanosis.

Left-to-right shunt — effect?

Leads to pulmonary overcirculation and failure.

Cyanotic vs acyanotic — key difference?

Cyanotic involves ↓ pulmonary flow; acyanotic involves ↑ or normal flow.

Coarctation — pulse pattern?

Weak femoral, bounding brachial pulses.

Aortic stenosis — murmur?

Small-volume ejection systolic murmur.

Pulmonary stenosis — murmur?

Ejection systolic at 2nd ICS left.

Patent ductus arteriosus — shunt?

Left-to-right, causing pulmonary plethora.

Obstructive acyanotic defect — example?

Aortic stenosis or pulmonary stenosis.

Coarctation — clinical sign?

Absent femoral pulses, systolic murmur.

Tetralogy of Fallot — main feature?

Right ventricular outflow obstruction with VSD.

Hypercyanotic attack — trigger?

Sudden increase in right-to-left shunting.

Transposition — key issue?

Requires mixing for survival via PDA/VSD/ASD.

Heart failure signs in infants?

Tachypnoea, poor feeding, hepatomegaly.

PEM — severe form?

Marasmus: wasting; Kwashiorkor: oedema.

PEM management — focus?

Nutritional rehabilitation and treat complications.

Breastfeeding — benefit?

Provides optimal nutrition and immunity.

Immunisation — contraindication?

Egg allergy for some vaccines; immunosuppression delays.

Cyanotic defect — clinical?

Cyanosis, often comfortable, no failure signs.

Acyanotic defect — clinical?

Failure signs, murmurs, possible cardiomegaly.