Flashcard: Suppository Formulation and Delivery — 18 carte

Suppository — definition?

Solid dosage form inserted into body orifices.

Main routes for suppositories?

Rectal, vaginal, urethral.

Suppositories — primary use?

Promote defecation, deliver drugs locally/systemically.

Advantages of rectal route?

Bypasses first-pass metabolism, protects drugs, suitable for children/unconscious.

Disadvantages of suppositories?

Fixed doses, variable effectiveness, limited absorption, not for narrow-margin drugs.

Local action of suppositories?

Acts directly at the application site, e.g., hemorrhoid relief.

Systemic action of suppositories?

Absorbed through mucosa into bloodstream for whole-body effects.

Factors affecting absorption?

Fluid volume, pH, drug solubility, particle size, base type.

Fatty bases — example?

Cocoa butter (theobroma oil).

Water-soluble bases — example?

Polyethylene glycol (PEG), glycerinated gelatin.

Cocoa butter — melting point?

30-36°C, melts at body temperature.

Polymorphism in cocoa butter?

Multiple crystalline forms; beta stable, gamma unstable.

Fatty bases — key property?

Immiscible with water, melt at body temperature.

Water-soluble bases — key property?

Dissolve in body fluids, enable gradual drug release.

Suppository bases — main types?

Fatty (oleaginous) and water-soluble.

Suppository — shape and size importance?

Ensure easy insertion and retention.

Suppository — drug release mechanism?

Melting, softening, or dissolving at body temperature.

Rectal absorption — influenced by?

Fluid volume, mucosal condition, drug properties.