Flashcard: Arctic and Antarctic Climate and Governance — 24 carte

Arctic climate change — key driver?

Global warming accelerates Arctic melting.

Greenhouse effect — process?

Traps outgoing heat, warms Earth.

Short-lived climate pollutants — examples?

Methane and black carbon.

Ice-albedo feedback — mechanism?

Less ice absorbs more heat, amplifying warming.

Permafrost — definition?

Frozen ground below 0°C for 2+ years.

Rapid Arctic warming — since?

Post-2005, Arctic warms faster than global average.

CO2 concentration — current level?

Exceeds 400 ppm.

Black carbon — effect?

Absorbs heat, warms climate quickly.

Black carbon — lifetime?

About 1 week.

Sea level rise — by 2100?

Approximately 1 meter or more.

Permafrost thaw — environmental impact?

Forms thermokarst, releases stored carbon.

Monsoon disruption — link to Arctic?

Arctic changes influence tropical monsoon patterns.

Human security — Arctic concerns?

Environmental, health, food, and economic impacts.

Arctic development — risk?

Resource dependence may hinder diversification.

Antarctic Treaty — purpose?

Promotes peace, science, and environmental protection.

CCAMLR MPAs — number?

Two official MPAs (2009, 2016).

Microplastics in Antarctica — found in?

Penguins, krill, snow, and ice.

Alien species — invasion records?

Over 3,000 documented cases.

Gateway ports — role?

Transport non-native species via shipping.

Chile’s Antarctic law — came into force?

March 2021.

Brazil’s Antarctic program — started?

1982 with PROANTAR.

Sami Giellagaldu — purpose?

Protect and develop Sami languages.

Frontage theory — what?

Claims based on meridian proximity.

RAPAL — function?

Latin American scientific and environmental cooperation.