Flashcard: Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages — 36 carte

What is psychosocial development according to Erik Erikson?

The predetermined progression of personality development across eight stages from infancy to late adulthood.

What does each psychosocial stage involve according to Erik Erikson?

A crisis between two opposing tendencies.

What can each psychosocial stage produce?

A distinctive psychological quality or virtue.

What supports a healthy personality in psychosocial development?

Successfully resolving a psychosocial crisis.

What results from failing to resolve a psychosocial crisis?

A fixation that affects later behavior and personality.

What fosters trust during Stage 1 from birth to 2 years?

Consistent, predictable, and loving caregiving fosters trust.

What can inadequate security produce in Stage 1?

Mistrust, fear, and insecurity.

What is the favorable outcome of Stage 1?

Hope.

How is hope expressed in Stage 1?

As a belief that needs will be met and the world is safe.

What fosters autonomy during Stage 2 from 2 to 3 years?

Encouragement of small independent tasks with gentle guidance.

What produces doubt and inadequacy in Stage 2?

Excessive criticism or control.

What is the favorable outcome of Stage 2?

Will.

How is will shown in Stage 2?

By confidence in making decisions and acting independently.

What fosters initiative during Stage 3 (3 to 5 years)?

Encouragement of curiosity, creativity, and exploration.

What can produce guilt during Stage 3 (3 to 5 years)?

Excessive restriction or punishment.

What is the favorable outcome of Stage 3?

Purpose.

How is purpose expressed in Stage 3?

By taking initiative, making decisions, planning activities, and leading others.

What fosters industry during Stage 4 (6 to 11 years)?

Success and positive reinforcement in academic and social activities.

What can produce inferiority during Stage 4 (6 to 11 years)?

Frequent failure or excessive criticism.

What is the favorable outcome of Stage 4?

Competence.

How is competence shown in Stage 4?

By feeling capable, confident, and proud of accomplishments.

What supports identity during Stage 5, Identity versus Confusion?

Exploring beliefs, values, relationships, and career paths supports identity.

What can premature pressure to adopt an identity cause in Stage 5?

It can cause confusion or rebellion.

What is the favorable outcome of Stage 5, Identity versus Confusion?

Fidelity is the favorable outcome.

How is fidelity expressed after Stage 5?

As a strong and coherent sense of self, values, beliefs, and future goals.

What produces intimacy during Stage 6, Intimacy versus Isolation?

Forming deep and committed relationships produces intimacy.

What can produce isolation during Stage 6?

Fear of commitment, rejection, or vulnerability can produce isolation.

What is generally a prerequisite for forming stable, intimate relationships in Stage 6?

A secure sense of identity from Stage 5 is generally a prerequisite.

What fosters generativity during Stage 7 (ages 40-65)?

Contributing to family, work, and society fosters generativity.

What can disengagement produce in Stage 7 of adulthood?

Disengagement can produce stagnation and self-absorption.

What is the favorable outcome of Stage 7?

Care is the favorable outcome of Stage 7.

How is care developed in Stage 7?

Care develops through mentoring, parenting, community work, or creative endeavors.

What produces integrity during Stage 8 (65 years to death)?

Accepting one’s life and finding meaning produces integrity.

What can dwelling on regrets produce in Stage 8?

Dwelling on regrets and perceived failures can produce despair.

What is the favorable outcome of Stage 8?

Wisdom is the favorable outcome of Stage 8.

How is wisdom expressed in Stage 8?

Wisdom is expressed through fulfillment, acceptance, satisfaction, and a sense of a meaningful life.