Flashcard: Hydrocarbon Chemistry and Cracking — 20 carte

Crude oil — main component?

Mixture of hydrocarbons from ancient biomass.

Hydrocarbons — composition?

Only hydrogen and carbon atoms.

Alkanes — formula?

CnH2n+2.

Fractional distillation — process?

Heating crude oil to separate by boiling points.

Short hydrocarbons — properties?

Less viscous, more flammable, lower boiling points.

Cracking — purpose?

Break large hydrocarbons into smaller, useful ones.

Alkenes — formula?

CnH2n.

Alkenes — double bonds?

Contain at least one double carbon-carbon bond.

Alkene reactions — bromine water?

Turns from orange to colourless.

Cracking equation — example?

C6H14 → C2H4 + C4H10.

Crude oil — state?

Finite, complex mixture of hydrocarbons.

Hydrocarbon properties — depend on?

Molecular size and structure.

Petrochemical products — examples?

Solvents, lubricants, polymers, detergents.

Hydrocarbon combustion — products?

Carbon dioxide and water.

Alkanes vs alkenes — difference?

Alkanes are saturated; alkenes are unsaturated with double bonds.

Distillation — separates?

Hydrocarbons into fractions with similar carbon numbers.

Alkenes — first two?

Ethene and propene.

Cracking methods — types?

Catalytic cracking and steam cracking.

Reactivity of alkenes?

More reactive due to double bonds.

Cracking equations — key?

Must balance carbons and hydrogens.