Flashcards: Bone Pathology: Development, Tumors, and Joint Diseases — 20 cartões

Developmental bone diseases — definition?

Hereditary or acquired disorders from abnormal bone development.

Osteogenesis imperfecta — cause?

Defective synthesis of type I collagen.

Osteopetrosis — characteristic feature?

Reduced osteoclastic activity leading to dense, brittle bones.

Paget disease — key process?

Excessive osteoclastic resorption followed by disorganized formation.

Rickets vs osteomalacia — difference?

Rickets affects children; osteomalacia affects adults.

Bone mass decrease — main disease?

Osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis — primary cause?

Imbalance favoring resorption over formation.

Osteoclast dysfunction — example?

Osteopetrosis, due to decreased osteoclast activity.

Mineral homeostasis disorders — example?

Rickets, osteomalacia, hyperparathyroidism.

Osteomyelitis — common cause?

Staphylococcus aureus infection.

Sequestrum — definition?

Dead bone separated from living tissue in infection.

Involucrum — definition?

Reactive new bone around infected bone.

Bone tumors — classification basis?

Tissue origin, benign/malignant, primary/secondary.

Osteoid osteoma — key feature?

Small, painful benign tumor with a nidus.

Osteosarcoma — origin?

Malignant tumor producing osteoid, common in young.

Chondrosarcoma — tissue type?

Malignant cartilage-producing tumor.

Ewing sarcoma — typical age?

Children and adolescents.

Giant cell tumor — histology?

Mononuclear stromal cells with multinucleated giant cells.

Joint disease — main categories?

Degenerative, inflammatory, crystal-induced, infectious, tumor-related.

Osteoarthritis — hallmark?

Cartilage erosion and osteophyte formation.