Fundamentals of Human Blood and Homeostasis

📋 Course Outline

1. Internal Environment and Homeostasis
2. Blood Plasma and Cells
3. Hematopoiesis and Hemostasis
4. Blood Groups and Disorders
5. Fluid Compartments and Osmoregulation
6. Membrane Transport and Starling Forces
7. Immune System Organization
8. Innate and Adaptive Immunity
9. Immune Organs and Response

📖 1. Internal Environment and Homeostasis

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

• Milieu intérieur : The internal environment is the set of extracellular liquids in which the organism’s cells are bathed.
• Claude Bernard (1856) : Claude Bernard is the physiologist who introduced the concept of internal environment in 1856.
• Homeostasis : Homeostasis is the organism’s ability to keep the internal environment stable despite changes in the external environment.
• Negative feedback : Negative feedback is a control mechanism where a change triggers a response that counteracts the change.
• Positive feedback : Positive feedback is a control mechanism where the initial change is amplified until a final event occurs.

📝 Essential Points