Flashcards: Foundations of Psychology and Sleep Science — 24 cartões

Psychology Perspectives — focus?

Different lenses for understanding behavior.

Biopsychology — role?

Studies biological influences on behavior.

Behavioral — emphasis?

Observable behaviors and learning.

Cognitive — focus?

Mental processes like thinking and memory.

Humanistic — emphasis?

Personal growth and self-actualization.

Psychodynamic — core?

Unconscious drives and childhood influences.

Sociocultural — view?

Social norms and cultural influences.

Famous Psychologists — example?

Freud, Pavlov, Wundt, Skinner, Bandura.

Psychologist vs Psychiatrist — difference?

Psychiatrists prescribe medication; psychologists do therapy.

Subfield — most common?

Clinical Psychology.

Scientific Method — steps?

Ask questions, hypothesize, research, analyze, conclude.

Research Methods — include?

Case studies, surveys, observations, archival.

Variables — types?

Independent (manipulated), dependent (measured).

Sleep — circadian rhythm?

Biological clock regulating sleep-wake cycle.

Sleep stages — order?

Stages 1-4, then REM.

Sleep cycle — duration?

About 90 minutes.

Sleep disorders — examples?

Insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy.

Classical conditioning — process?

Associating neutral stimulus with unconditioned stimulus.

Unconditioned stimulus — role?

Triggers response naturally.

Operant conditioning — focus?

Behavior influenced by consequences.

Reinforcement — effect?

Increases likelihood of behavior.

Punishment — effect?

Decreases likelihood of behavior.

Learning — key?

Forming associations and behaviors via experience.

Sleep stages — deep sleep?

Stages 3 and 4 (slow-wave sleep).