Flashcards: Organic Hydrocarbon Fundamentals — 20 cartões

Vitalism — idea?

Organic compounds only from living organisms.

Wöhler urea synthesis — significance?

Disproved vitalism by making urea from inorganic materials.

Catenation — ability?

Atoms of the same element bond to form chains and rings.

Organic chemistry — definition?

Study of carbon compounds excluding certain oxides and salts.

Lewis structure — shows?

Covalent bonds with shared electron pairs and lone pairs.

Structural formula — depicts?

Covalent bonds between atoms with dashes for bonds.

Condensed structural formula — simplifies?

Structural formula by omitting some bond dashes.

Bond-line representation — uses?

Zig-zag lines for C–C bonds; atoms implied.

Polygon formula — represents?

Cyclic compounds with corners as carbons and sides as bonds.

Hydrocarbons — contain?

Only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Aliphatic hydrocarbons — include?

Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, non-aromatic.

Aromatic hydrocarbons — characteristic?

Contain benzene rings with delocalized electrons.

Saturated compounds — bonds?

Only single bonds, maximum hydrogens.

Unsaturated compounds — bonds?

Double or triple bonds, fewer hydrogens.

Homologous series — features?

Same functional group, differing by –CH2– units.

Paraffins — meaning?

Alkanes, chemically inert, little reactivity.

Alkane formula —?

CnH2n+2.

n-, iso-, neo- — prefixes?

Indicate chain structure and branching pattern.

Benzene — formula?

C6H6 with delocalized π-electrons.

Natural gas — main component?

Methane (CH4).