Organic Hydrocarbon Fundamentals

Revision sheet excerpt

Course Outline

  1. History of Organic Chemistry
  2. Structural Representations
  3. Hydrocarbons and Classification
  4. Alkanes and Homologous Series
  5. Physical Properties of Alkanes
  6. Alkane Nomenclature
  7. Benzene and Aromatic Compounds
  8. Natural Sources of Hydrocarbons
  9. Petroleum Fractions and Octane Rating
  10. Cracking and Coal Distillation

1. History of Organic Chemistry

Key Concepts & Definitions

  • Vitalism theory : Vitalism was the nineteenth-century idea that only living organisms could produce organic compounds using a vital force.
  • Wöhler urea synthesis : Wöhler’s 1828 result showed that urea could be made in a lab from an inorganic starting material, ammonium cyanate.
  • Catenation : Catenation is the ability of atoms of the same element to bond to each other, forming chains and rings.
  • Organic chemistry definition : Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds except the oxides of carbon, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, cyanides, and cyanates.

Essential Points

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Quiz preview

1. What nineteenth-century idea claimed that only living organisms could produce organic compounds through a special vital force?

2. Which event showed that an organic compound could be made from an inorganic starting material in the laboratory?

3. Which structural representation shows covalent bonds as shared electron pairs and also includes lone pairs on atoms?

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Flashcards preview

Vitalism — idea?

Organic compounds only from living organisms.

Wöhler urea synthesis — significance?

Disproved vitalism by making urea from inorganic materials.

Catenation — ability?

Atoms of the same element bond to form chains and rings.

Organic chemistry — definition?

Study of carbon compounds excluding certain oxides and salts.

Lewis structure — shows?

Covalent bonds with shared electron pairs and lone pairs.

Structural formula — depicts?

Covalent bonds between atoms with dashes for bonds.

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