What are the defining characteristics of public goods?
Public goods are neither excludable nor rival in consumption, meaning they cannot prevent non-payers from benefiting and one person's use does not reduce availability to others.
Public goods — definition?
Non-excludable and non-rival.
How does market failure justify government intervention in the provision of goods?
Market failure occurs when markets do not allocate resources efficiently, often due to public goods, externalities, or information asymmetry, justifying government intervention to improve societal welfare.
Common resources — difference?
Rival but non-excludable.
What is the principle used to determine the optimal level of public good provision?
The optimal level of public good provision occurs where the Marginal Social Benefit (MSB) equals the Marginal Cost (MC), ensuring societal gains are maximized without excessive expenditure.
Merit goods — under or over-consumed?
Under-consumed without intervention.
Market failure — reason?
Justifies government regulation or provision.
Cost-benefit analysis — purpose?
Assess if good should be supplied.
Optimal provision — formula?
When MSB = MC.
Tragedy of the Commons — cause?
Overuse of common resources.
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1. According to economic principles, optimal provision of a public good occurs when:
2. According to the revision sheet, which characteristic best defines a public good?
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