In which year did the Persian Wars end with Athens victorious?
479 BCE
What was the result of Athens' victory in the Persian Wars?
Athens rose as a major Greek power.
When was the Delian League created?
478 BCE
Why was the Delian League created?
As a military and economic alliance after the Persian defeat at Salamis.
What is a thalassocracy?
A power based on control of the sea.
Who was an Athenian citizen in the strict sense according to Aristotle?
A person who participated as judge and magistrate.
Which author defined the Athenian citizen as one exercising judicial and magistrate powers?
Aristotle in Politics, IV century BC.
Which groups were excluded from citizenship in classical Athens?
Women, children, foreigners, and slaves.
Who were considered citizens in classical Athens?
Adult males born and resident in Athens who were not slaves.
What was the ekklēsia in Athenian democracy?
The assembly of male citizens sovereign over important matters.
How many citizens composed the boulē and how were they chosen?
500 citizens chosen by lot for one year.
What was the service limit for members of the boulē?
Two non-consecutive years.
How many jurors were in the dikasteria?
6,000 jurors.
How were chief magistrates chosen in Athenian democracy?
Annually by lot.
What was typical about the terms of important offices in Athens?
Short and generally non-renewable terms.
How did Athens develop its maritime power?
By improving the Peiraeus, relying on a large trireme fleet, and winning naval victories.
Which naval base did Athens improve to build sea power?
The Peiraeus.
What type of ships formed the core of Athens' naval fleet?
Triremes.
In which year did Athens defeat the Persians at Marathon?
490 BCE.
In which year did Athens defeat the Persians at Salamis?
480 BCE.
How did Athens use the Delian League's money?
To strengthen its power and build monuments on the Acropolis.
What did Athens gradually control in the Delian League?
The Delian League itself.
On what three bases did Athenian power rest?
Military strength, wealth, and control of the Delian League.
Which groups were excluded from Athenian citizenship?
Women, foreigners, and slaves.
What payment did Pericles establish for jurors in 450 BCE?
Misthos
How did misthos affect poorer citizens in Athens?
It allowed them to participate more fully in public affairs.
Which author documented Pericles' establishment of misthos?
Aristotle in La Constitution des Athéniens, IVe siècle av. J-C
What was Pericles' role in Athens from 495 to 429 BCE?
He was a politician and general.
What era did Pericles contribute to in Athens?
The cultural and political golden age.
When was the Parthenon temple built in Athens?
Around 432 BCE.
For which goddess was the Parthenon temple built?
Athena.
Who commissioned the construction of the Parthenon?
Pericles.
Which architectural style features were combined in the Parthenon?
Ionic features including a decorated frieze.
What visual effect did the Parthenon's construction aim to achieve?
Visual symmetry and avoidance of apparent straight lines.
Why was the Parthenon project controversial?
Because Athens used the Delian League’s treasury to finance it.
Who founded the Academy around 427 BCE?
Plato
Which work did Plato write that influenced philosophy?
The Republic
Which areas did Plato influence?
Epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics
When did Aristotle live?
From 384 to 322 BCE
Who tutored Alexander the Great?
Aristotle
Which fields did Aristotle study?
Politics, psychology, ethics, and animals
How many slaves were recorded in the Athenian population?
130,000 slaves.
What was the number of metics in the recorded Athenian population?
120,000 metics.
How many citizens were recorded in the Athenian population?
42,000 citizens.
What was the count of women and children of citizens in Athens?
88,000 women and children.
How often did the ekklēsia meet and how did citizens vote?
At least once a month, citizens voted by raising their hands.
In which year did Pericles move the Delian League treasury to Athens?
454 BCE.
Which methods did Pericles use to support poorer citizens and allies?
Colonies, naval service, and public payments
What material was used to build the Parthenon?
Heavy marble from Mount Pentelikon near Athens.
What invention or tool was used to lift the Parthenon's stone blocks?
Pulleys.
When did Hippocrates live?
From 460 to 375 BCE
What did the Hippocratic corpus influence in medicine?
Case histories, healthy living, and medical ethics
Answer 20 questions on Athens and Ancient Greek Democracy.
1. What event marked the end of the Persian Wars and helped Athens become a major Greek power?
2. When was the Delian League created as an alliance following the Persian defeat at Salamis?
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