Study sheet: History of Tourism and Hospitality

📋 Course Outline

1. Ancient Origins of Tourism
2. Medieval and Renaissance Hospitality
3. Hospitality in the New World
4. French and Nineteenth-Century Innovation
5. Twentieth-Century Travel Expansion
6. Hospitality Industry Pioneers
7. Philippine Tourism Development
8. Tourism Growth Factors

📅 Key Dates

1. 1947more orderly tourism activity began in the Philippines as foreign steamships and airlines began servicing the country
2. 1952the Philippine Tourist and Travel Association was organized to improve travel accessibility and promote foreign currency, employment, broad tourism benefits, and safe and enjoyable travel
3. 1956Republic Act No. 1478 created the Board of Travel and Tourist Industry under the Department of Commerce and Industry
4. 1972tourism initiatives improved safety, services, and sanitation, and the Philippines became a bargain destination for foreign tourists
5. 1973Presidential Decree No. 189 separated the Department of Trade and Tourism and created the Department of Tourism
6. 1980the United Nations World Tourism Organization designated September 27 as World Tourism Day
7. 2009Republic Act No. 9593, the Tourism Act of 2009, declared tourism an industry of national interest and an engine of socioeconomic growth, employment, and cultural affirmation

📖 1. Ancient Origins of Tourism

★ Must-know

• Greek and Roman tourism was recorded as early as 40 BC and served social and religious purposes.

• Roman businessmen traveled, and the Romans were identified as the first pleasure travelers.

Further detail

📌 After the fall of the Roman Empire, public hospitality declined and was taken over largely by religious orders.

💡 Memory Hook

Greek and Roman culture → business travel → pleasure travel → religious hospitality

📖 2. Medieval and Renaissance Hospitality

★ Must-know

• Medieval travel featured:
  • English travelers
  • inns operating as private homes
  • nobility staying in monasteries
  • stagecoaches as favored transportation

Further detail

• In ancient Persia, accommodations called khans were constructed for travelers.

• These establishments sheltered:

  • traveling merchants
  • actors
  • scholars

💡 Memory Hook

Private inns served travelers, whereas monasteries accommodated nobility

📖 3. Hospitality in the New World

📝 Essential Points

• During the Renaissance period, demand for inns and taverns increased and coffee houses were built.

• Hotel Henry IV, built in Paris in 1788, was described as the first hotel, cost $17,500, and contained 60 beds.

• In the eighteenth-century New World, eating and sleeping places developed as New York and New England used taverns, Pennsylvania used inns, and the southern colonies used ordinaries.

📖 4. French and Nineteenth-Century Innovation

★ Must-know

• Monsieur Antoine Boulanger was called the father of the modern restaurant and named the soup he sold restorantes.

• The Savoy Hotel opened in London in 1898 under General Manager Cesar Ritz.

• Auguste Escoffier, known as the father of modern cuisine, invented about 5,000 recipes, published Le Guide Culinaire, and developed approaches to kitchen management.

Further detail

📌 The French Revolution caused some chefs to move to the New World and changed the course of culinary history.

💡 Memory Hook

Ritz–Escoffier: hotel leadership and modern cuisine

📖 5. Twentieth-Century Travel Expansion

★ Must-know

• The Motel Inn, originally called the Milestone Mo-Tel, was built in California in 1925 and was identified as the world's first motel.

• Twentieth-century travel developments included:

  • postwar travel expansion
  • cross-continental flights in the 1950s
  • trans-Atlantic flights in 1958
  • resurgence of inner-city lodging
  • increased interest in cruises

Further detail

• In 1837, the Delmonico brothers operated what was described as America's first fine dining restaurant in New York City.

💡 Memory Hook

Motel → postwar travel → continental flights → trans-Atlantic flights → cruises

📖 6. Hospitality Industry Pioneers

★ Must-know

• Thomas Cook was recognized as the first professional travel agent and founded the world's first travel agency, making world travel more accessible to the middle class.

• J. Willard Marriott pioneered brand leveraging and early franchising in tourism and hospitality and founded the Marriott Corporation.

• Kroc’s operational guidelines were:

  • Quality
  • Service
  • Cleanliness
  • Value

• Conrad Hilton pioneered a one-to-five hotel rating system, combined hotels with resorts and casinos, and formed a group of American hotels using standard operating procedures in 1954.

Further detail

• Four Seasons introduced: complimentary shampoo, 24-hour room service, same-day clothes cleaning and pressing

📖 7. Philippine Tourism Development

📝 Essential Points

• Colorum tours served:
  • American visitors
  • Chinese visitors
  • Japanese visitors
  • European visitors

💡 Memory Hook

PTTA → BTTI → DOT → PTA and PCB → sustainable tourism

📖 8. Tourism Growth Factors

★ Must-know

• Modern hospitality has integrated technological advances, while travelers and guests remain central to improving services and satisfying needs.

• The National Ecotourism Strategy aims to: develop globally competitive ecotourism products, develop a responsible ecotourism market, optimize community benefits and enhance visitor experience

Further detail

• The Philippines’ tourism infrastructure included the Philippine Tourism Authority as the Department of Tourism’s implementing arm and the Philippine Convention Bureau as its conventions marketing arm.

📊 Synthesis Tables

Philippine Tourism Agencies and Roles

Organization	Role
PTTA	Private association promoting accessibility, employment, foreign currency, and safe travel
BTTI	Regulatory, supervisory, policy-making, and promotional body
DOT	Regulates and promotes Philippine tourism
PTA	Implements tourism infrastructure development
PCB	Markets conventions