Four times, across terms between 1868 and 1894
Explanation
Gladstone served four times, with his terms spanning 1868 to 1894. Disraeli, a plausible point of comparison, served twice rather than four times.
He began as a Tory, joined the liberals, and promoted free trade and political reforms.
Explanation
Gladstone began as a Tory leader before joining the liberals, and his program included free trade, recruitment reform, expanded voting rights, and other reforms. Disraeli is the closer fit for remaining a Tory, but the shift described here belongs to Gladstone.
Elementary education became free in 1891, and the school-leaving age rose to twelve in 1899.
Explanation
Elementary education became free in 1891, and the school-leaving age increased to twelve in 1899. The reverse chronology is a plausible mix-up, but the two reforms occurred in the opposite order.
Women’s suffrage societies united as the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies.
Explanation
In 1897, women’s suffrage societies united as the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies, following growing pressure for female equality. Mill’s unsuccessful effort came earlier, in 1867, rather than beginning the campaign in 1897.
To preserve the United States as a unified nation
Explanation
The Union initially fought to preserve the United States, while abolition became a war aim later. Ending slavery was a later development, not the Union’s original purpose.
The ostracism of a seduced and abandoned woman and the possibility of her moral rehabilitation
Explanation
Gaskell’s Ruth condemned society’s ostracism of a seduced and abandoned woman while expressing faith in her moral rehabilitation. The novel did not focus on university access, voting rights, or inheritance laws.
He served as a prototype for the modern detective through methodical inquiry.
Explanation
Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes became a prototype for the modern detective, associated with methodical inquiry. The contrast between appearance and reality is instead identified as a central concern of Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray.
The seventeenth century
Explanation
The novel is described as an allegorical romance set in seventeenth-century America. The nineteenth century is when the work belongs to the writers’ broader period, not the setting of the story.
They cast colonisers as helpful heroes, while Kipling’s writing exposed imperialism’s contradictions and paradoxes.
Explanation
Popular boys’ adventure novels simplified imperialism by presenting colonisers as heroes who supposedly helped native people, whereas Kipling’s writing reveals imperialism’s obsessions and contradictions. The claim that Kipling framed colonial rule chiefly as a pursuit of profit is misleading because he also viewed it as a spiritual mission.
To reduce the risk of insurrection and supply industry with needed workers
Explanation
They viewed gradual reform as a way to avert insurrection while providing industry with the workers it needed. Strengthening aristocratic control does not capture the stated social and economic purposes of their approach.
Women’s suffrage societies joined in 1897 to form a national union.
Explanation
In 1897, women’s suffrage societies united as the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies, providing a model of coordinated national campaigning. The London Fabian Society did organize intellectuals, but it was a socialist group closely linked to the Labour Party, not a women’s suffrage organization.
Lock in the answers with 10 flashcards on Late Victorian Britain and Literature.
How many times did William Gladstone serve as British Prime Minister?
Four times.
Which political and reform causes did William Gladstone support?
He supported free trade, recruitment reform, expanded voting rights, national education, and legal trade unions.
In what year did elementary education become free?
1891.
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