★ Must-know
William Gladstone (1809–98) served as British Prime Minister four times: 1868–74, 1880–85, February–July 1886, and 1892–94.
Gladstone began as a Tory leader, later joined the liberals, advocated free trade, and promoted military and civil-service recruitment reform, expanded voting rights, national education, and legal trade unions.
Benjamin Disraeli (1804–81), a popular Tory statesman and novelist, was twice Prime Minister, in 1868 and 1874–80, and helped create the Conservative Party.
The Elementary Education Act of 1870 gave all children the right to basic education, although parents sometimes had to pay, and the Trade Union Act of 1871 made unions legal.
Further detail
1. How many times did William Gladstone serve as British Prime Minister?
2. Which political shift and reform program characterized Gladstone’s career?
3. What two changes took place in English education in 1891 and 1899?
How many times did William Gladstone serve as British Prime Minister?
Four times.
Which political and reform causes did William Gladstone support?
He supported free trade, recruitment reform, expanded voting rights, national education, and legal trade unions.
In what year did elementary education become free?
1891.
In what year was the Independent Labour Party formed?
1893.
What did nineteenth-century westward settlement and infrastructure construction do to Native Americans?
They displaced Native Americans.
What did nineteenth-century railroads transport to commercial centres and ports?
Crops, livestock, and wood.
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