French Grammatical Categories

From the study guide

Course Outline

  1. Variable and Invariable Word Classes
  2. Nouns and Determiners
  3. Pronouns and Adjectives
  4. Verbs and Their Subclasses
  5. The Four Invariable Classes

1. Variable and Invariable Word Classes

Essential Points

  • French words are divided into 9 grammatical classes, also called word classes or word nature, and most words keep the same class.

  • The 5 variable classes are:

    • nouns
    • determiners
    • pronouns
    • qualifying adjectives
    • verbs
  • The 4 invariable classes are:

    • adverbs
    • prepositions
    • conjunctions
    • interjections

Memory Hook

Five variable classes change form; four invariable classes do not.

2. Nouns and Determiners

Key Concepts & Definitions

  • Determiner: Precedes a noun to form a noun phrase and agrees with it, except for cardinal numerals and, in some cases, “vingt” and “cent”.

Essential Points

📌 A common noun names an object or state, whereas a proper noun names a person, place, country, or unique thing.

  • Determiner subclasses include:
    • definite articles
    • indefinite articles
    • partitive articles
    • indefinite determiners
    • numeral determiners
    • interrogative determiners
    • exclamative determiners
    • possessive determiners
    • demonstrative determiners

Memory Hook

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Practice quiz preview

1. Which set contains the five variable French word classes?

2. Which group consists of the four invariable French word classes?

3. How many grammatical classes are used to classify French words?

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Flashcard preview

En combien de classes grammaticales les mots français sont-ils répartis ?

En 9 classes grammaticales.

Combien de classes grammaticales variables le français compte-t-il ?

5 classes variables.

Quelles sont les cinq classes grammaticales variables ?

Les noms, les déterminants, les pronoms, les adjectifs qualificatifs et les verbes.

Combien de classes grammaticales invariables le français compte-t-il ?

4 classes invariables.

Quelles sont les quatre classes grammaticales invariables ?

Les adverbes, les prépositions, les conjonctions et les interjections.

What does a common noun name?

An object or state.

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Frequently asked questions

What does the French Grammatical Categories study guide cover?

It covers the core concepts of French Grammatical Categories, organized by topic with the key definitions, explanations and takeaways, so it's easier to learn and remember.

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How many questions are in the French Grammatical Categories quiz?

The practice quiz has 14 multiple-choice questions, each with an explanation. Use it to check what you know and find your gaps.

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How do I study French Grammatical Categories with flashcards?

There are 31 flashcards on French Grammatical Categories, with a question on the front and the answer on the back. Try to recall each answer before you flip, and let spaced repetition bring back the ones you miss.

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