What is a border?
A political and geographical separation between territories over which sovereignty is exercised.
What is a dyad in border geography?
A border between two states.
What functions can borders serve?
Territorial, cultural, military, and political functions.
What can borders mark about a state?
Its identity.
What purposes did fortifications such as citadels and forts serve?
They protected against enemy attacks and reinforced borders.
What two purposes did the Roman Limes serve?
It defended against attacks and consolidated Roman conquests.
Which structures and routes formed the Rhine Limes?
A palisade, a ditch, watchtowers, forts connected by roads, and Roman roads.
How did Roman control of the limes affect movement across the frontier?
It filtered people entering and leaving Roman territory.
What enabled trade and cultural exchanges across the Roman limes?
Roads and crossings.
How does globalization affect connections between territories?
It connects territories through intensified worldwide exchanges.
When did the Schengen Area begin?
1995.
What can circulate freely within the Schengen Area?
People and goods.
How many kilometres of borders do barrier borders affect?
About 65,000 kilometres.
What do some states do to make their borders less permeable?
They make their borders more impermeable.
When did the Berlin Conference meet, and how many states attended?
From 15 November 1884 to 26 February 1885, 14 states attended.
How did the Berlin Conference contribute to Africa’s borders?
It contributed to artificial borders that ignored landscapes and divided peoples.
When did the Cold War last?
From 1947 to 1991.
Which ideology did the United States and Western bloc represent?
Capitalism.
On what date did the Korean War begin?
25 June 1950.
How does the course characterize North Korea’s political alignment?
Soviet-backed communism.
Which parallel does the course identify as the Korean border?
The 38th parallel.
What durable outcome did the Korean War leave between the two states?
A separation marked by a demilitarized zone.
How can borders function during ideological divisions such as the Cold War?
They can divide territories according to competing ideologies.
Why can treaty-established borders remain sources of debate and conflict?
People may disagree with them.
How long do terrestrial borders extend worldwide?
About 60,000 kilometres.
Which river forms part of the Mexico–United States border?
The Rio Grande.
Which treaty is presented as institutionalizing the concept of the state border?
The Treaty of Westphalia in 1648.
How are borders established and managed or confirmed internationally?
They are established by treaties and managed or confirmed through the United Nations.
Whom was the Great Wall of China built to repel?
Nomadic peoples from the north.
What does the Warsaw Ghetto exemplify about urban boundaries during the Holocaust?
The forcible confinement of a population.
What space can contemporary borders potentially provide displaced refugees?
Asylum space.
Where did the Rhine Limes extend, from which town to which town?
Between the Rhine and the Danube, from Bonn to Regensburg.
What characterized the Champs Décumates as a Roman border zone?
They were a conquered and Romanized zone with Roman settlements, roads into the empire, and Roman influence.
When did groups cross the frozen Rhine Limes and invade Roman territories?
December 406.
What does NAFTA facilitate among the three North American countries?
The circulation of goods.
Which border is given as an example of militarization?
The border between India and Pakistan.
Which two major colonial powers were identified during Africa’s European partition?
Britain and France.
What did the Berlin Conference establish concerning the Congo and Niger?
Rules promoting freedom of commerce and prohibiting monopolies.
Which four types of consequences did the course identify for African partition?
Economic, religious, cultural, and political consequences.
Which author used “Iron Curtain” in a 1946 Fulton speech?
W. Churchill.
In which years were NATO and the Warsaw Pact created?
NATO in 1949 and the Warsaw Pact in 1955.
When did construction of the Berlin Wall begin?
On the night of 12–13 August 1961.
In which year did the Cuban Missile Crisis take place?
1962.
When did the Euromissile crisis last?
From 1977 to 1987.
What forms did Cold War rivalry take?
Scientific, military, and propagandistic forms.
In which year were the two Korean states established?
1948.
How long and wide is the Korean Demilitarized Zone?
240 kilometres long and 4 kilometres wide.
How many deaths did the Korean War cause?
About 2 million.
Why does the course present Korean reunification as difficult?
Propaganda, obstacles to peace, and contrasting political systems make reunification difficult.
Which border does the course cite as an example of disagreement leading to conflict?
The border in Ukraine.
About how long did construction of the Great Wall of China span?
About 1,500 years.
Until which century did construction of the Great Wall of China continue?
The 14th century.
What is the Great Wall of China used as today?
A tourist site.
What do the Great Wall and Rio Grande illustrate about borders?
Borders can be built structures or natural features such as rivers.
When does the course say the Limes wall was abandoned?
At the end of the Roman Empire.
Which countries does the course name in connection with the Schengen Area?
Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland.
Which countries’ claims to the world did the Treaty of Tordesillas divide?
Spain and Portugal.
Where was the Treaty of Tordesillas line located relative to Cape Verde?
A meridian 1,800 kilometres west of the Cape Verde coast.
To which kingdom did the course assign territories east of the Treaty line?
The Kingdom of Cabinda.
Answer 21 questions on Political Borders and Geopolitical Conflicts.
1. Which description best defines a border in political geography?
2. What makes a border a dyad?
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