Flashcards: Digestive System Anatomy and Function — 24 cards

GI system — main functions?

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination.

GI tract — primary role?

Propels food, digests, absorbs nutrients.

Accessory organs — examples?

Liver, gallbladder, pancreas, salivary glands.

Digestion — process?

Enzymatic breakdown of food molecules.

Peritoneum — function?

Supports organs, reduces friction, contains vessels.

Mucosa — layer?

Innermost, secretes mucus, absorbs, protects.

Enteric nervous system — role?

Regulates motility, secretion, operates independently.

Oral cavity — structures?

Lips, cheeks, palate, tongue, teeth, salivary glands.

Stomach regions?

Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus.

Liver functions?

Bile production, blood processing, detoxification.

Gallbladder — role?

Stores and concentrates bile.

Pancreas — functions?

Produces digestive enzymes and hormones.

Small intestine parts?

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

Villi — purpose?

Increase surface area for absorption.

Large intestine — main functions?

Water absorption, feces formation, bacterial fermentation.

Cecum — location?

First part of large intestine, receives ileum contents.

Rectum — function?

Stores feces before defecation.

Anus — control?

External and internal sphincters regulate waste expulsion.

GI histology — layers?

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa.

Mucosa — role?

Secretes mucus, absorbs nutrients, protects.

Muscularis externa — function?

Peristalsis and segmentation movements.

Serosa — composition?

Visceral peritoneum, outer protective layer.

Peritoneum — types?

Visceral (organ surface), parietal (body wall).

Accessory organs — support?

Produce secretions aiding digestion, not part of GI tube.